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To advance models of multimodal context, we introduce a simple yet powerful neural architecture for data that combines vision and natural language. The "Bounding Boxes in Text Transformer" (B2T2) also leverages referential information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Chris Alberti , Jeffrey Ling , Michael Collins , David Reitter

Standard language models employ unique, monolithic embeddings for each token, potentially limiting their ability to capture the multifaceted nature of word meanings. We investigate whether tokens can be more effectively represented through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Kavin R , Pawan Goyal

Many modern ViT backbones adopt spatial architectural designs, such as window attention, decomposed relative positional embeddings in SAM, and RoPE in DINOv3. Such architectures impose new challenges on token reduction, as the vast majority…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenyi Gong , Mieszko Lis

Recent advances in generative models and adversarial training have led to a flourishing image-to-image (I2I) translation literature. The current I2I translation approaches require training images from the two domains that are either all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Samarth Shukla , Luc Van Gool , Radu Timofte

Despite recent advances in diffusion models, top-tier text-to-image (T2I) models still struggle to achieve precise spatial layout control, i.e. accurately generating entities with specified attributes and locations.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Danfeng Li , Hui Zhang , Sheng Wang , Jiacheng Li , Zuxuan Wu

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have emerged as powerful backbones in computer vision, outperforming many traditional CNNs. However, their computational overhead, largely attributed to the self-attention mechanism, makes deployment on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Minchul Kim , Shangqian Gao , Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

Recent advances in product bundling have leveraged multimodal information through sophisticated encoders, but remain constrained by limited semantic understanding and a narrow scope of knowledge. Therefore, some attempts employ In-context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiaohao Liu , Jie Wu , Zhulin Tao , Yunshan Ma , Yinwei Wei , Tat-seng Chua

Tokenization is a fundamental component of language models for code. It involves breaking down the input into units that are later passed to the language model stack to learn high-dimensional representations used in various contexts, from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mootez Saad , Hao Li , Tushar Sharma , Ahmed E. Hassan

Code completion is one of the most useful features in the Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), which can accelerate software development by suggesting the next probable token based on the contextual code in real-time. Recent studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Fang Liu , Ge Li , Yunfei Zhao , Zhi Jin

We propose an effective method for inserting adapters into text-to-image foundation models, which enables the execution of complex downstream tasks while preserving the generalization ability of the base model. The core idea of this method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Shengkai Zhang , Nianhong Jiao , Tian Li , Chaojie Yang , Chenhui Xue , Boya Niu , Jun Gao

Pre-training decoder-only language models relies on vast amounts of high-quality data, yet the availability of such data is increasingly reaching its limits. While metadata is commonly used to create and curate these datasets, its potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Sebastian Sztwiertnia , Felix Friedrich , Kristian Kersting , Patrick Schramowski , Björn Deiseroth

Recently, autoregressive models have demonstrated remarkable performance in class-conditional image generation. However, the application of next-token prediction to high-resolution text-to-image generation remains largely unexplored. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Dengsheng Chen , Jie Hu , Tiezhu Yue , Xiaoming Wei , Enhua Wu

We introduce \textit{Preserve Anything}, a novel method for controlled image synthesis that addresses key limitations in object preservation and semantic consistency in text-to-image (T2I) generation. Existing approaches often fail (i) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Prasen Kumar Sharma , Neeraj Matiyali , Siddharth Srivastava , Gaurav Sharma

Text-to-motion generation is driven by learning motion representations for semantic alignment with language. Existing methods rely on either continuous or discrete motion representations. However, continuous representations entangle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Dawei Guan , Di Yang , Chengjie Jin , Jiangtao Wang

Text-to-image (T2I) generation aims to synthesize images from textual prompts, which jointly specify what must be shown and imply what can be inferred, which thus correspond to two core capabilities: \textbf{\textit{composition}} and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ouxiang Li , Yuan Wang , Xinting Hu , Huijuan Huang , Rui Chen , Jiarong Ou , Xin Tao , Pengfei Wan , Xiaojuan Qi , Fuli Feng

Text-to-image (T2I) models have ushered in a new era of real-world image super-resolution (Real-ISR) due to their rich internal implicit knowledge for multimodal learning. Although bringing high-level semantic priors and dense pixel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinrui Li , Jinrong Zhang , Jianlong Wu , Chong Chen , Liqiang Nie , Zhouchen Lin

Learning to construct text representations in end-to-end systems can be difficult, as natural languages are highly compositional and task-specific annotated datasets are often limited in size. Methods for directly supervising language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Marek Rei , Anders Søgaard

The current state-of-the-art image-sentence retrieval methods implicitly align the visual-textual fragments, like regions in images and words in sentences, and adopt attention modules to highlight the relevance of cross-modal semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Xuri Ge , Fuhai Chen , Joemon M. Jose , Zhilong Ji , Zhongqin Wu , Xiao Liu

Text-to-image synthesis is the task of generating images from text descriptions. Image generation, by itself, is a challenging task. When we combine image generation and text, we bring complexity to a new level: we need to combine data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-27 Douglas M. Souza , Jônatas Wehrmann , Duncan D. Ruiz