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Block classical Gram-Schmidt (BCGS) is commonly used for orthogonalizing a set of vectors $X$ in distributed computing environments due to its favorable communication properties relative to other orthogonalization approaches, such as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Erin Carson , Kathryn Lund , Yuxin Ma , Eda Oktay

Numerous applications, such as Krylov subspace solvers, make extensive use of the block classical Gram-Schmidt (BCGS) algorithm and its reorthogonalized variants for orthogonalizing a set of vectors. For large-scale problems in distributed…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Erin Carson , Yuxin Ma

Using lower precision in algorithms can be beneficial in terms of reducing both computation and communication costs. Motivated by this, we aim to further the state-of-the-art in developing and analyzing mixed precision variants of iterative…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Eda Oktay , Erin Carson

A new reorthogonalized block classical Gram--Schmidt algorithm is proposed that factorizes a full column rank matrix $A$ into $A=QR$ where $Q$ is left orthogonal (has orthonormal columns) and $R$ is upper triangular and nonsingular. With…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2011-08-23 Jesse L. Barlow , Alicja Smoktunowicz

This article introduces randomized block Gram-Schmidt process (RBGS) for QR decomposition. RBGS extends the single-vector randomized Gram-Schmidt (RGS) algorithm and inherits its key characteristics such as being more efficient and having…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-25 Oleg Balabanov , Laura Grigori

Saddle point problems arise in many important practical applications. In this paper we propose and analyze some algorithms for solving symmetric saddle point problems which are based upon the block Gram-Schmidt method. In particular, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-12-19 Felicja Okulicka-Dłużewska , Alicja Smoktunowicz

With the recent realization of exascale performace by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Frontier supercomputer, reducing communication in kernels like QR factorization has become even more imperative. Low-synchronization Gram-Schmidt methods,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-21 Kathryn Lund

Block Gram-Schmidt algorithms serve as essential kernels in many scientific computing applications, but for many commonly used variants, a rigorous treatment of their stability properties remains open. This work provides a comprehensive…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-21 Erin Carson , Kathryn Lund , Miroslav Rozložník , Stephen Thomas

Communication-avoiding and pipelined variants of Krylov solvers are critical for the scalability of linear system solvers on future exascale architectures. We present low synchronization variants of iterated classical (CGS) and modified…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Kasia Swirydowicz , Julien Langou , Shreyas Ananthan , Ulrike Yang , Stephen Thomas

Communication, i.e., data movement, is a critical bottleneck for the performance of classical Krylov subspace method solvers on modern computer architectures. Variants of these methods which avoid communication have been introduced, which,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Erin Carson , Yuxin Ma

The modified Gram-Schmidt (MGS) orthogonalization is one of the most well-used algorithms for computing the thin QR factorization. MGS can be straightforwardly extended to a non-standard inner product with respect to a symmetric positive…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-31 Akira Imakura , Yusaku Yamamoto

A randomized Gram-Schmidt algorithm is developed for orthonormalization of high-dimensional vectors or QR factorization. The proposed process can be less computationally expensive than the classical Gram-Schmidt process while being at least…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Oleg Balabanov , Laura Grigori

In the framework of tensor spaces, we consider orthogonalization kernels to generate an orthogonal basis of a tensor subspace from a set of linearly independent tensors. In particular, we experimentally study the loss of orthogonality of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Olivier Coulaud , Luc Giraud , Martina Iannacito

The orthogonalization process is an essential building block in Krylov space methods, which takes up a large portion of the computational time. Commonly used methods, like the Gram-Schmidt method, consider the projection and normalization…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-04-29 Nils-Arne Dreier , Christian Engwer

QR decomposition is an essential operation for solving linear equations and obtaining least-squares solutions. In high-performance computing systems, large-scale parallel QR decomposition often faces node faults. We address this issue by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Quang Minh Nguyen , Iain Weissburg , Haewon Jeong

Vector set orthogonal normalization and matrix QR decomposition are fundamental problems in matrix analysis with important applications in many fields. We know that Gram-Schmidt process is a widely used method to solve these two problems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Zi-Ming Li , Yu-xi Liu

The problem of synchronization over a group $\mathcal{G}$ aims to estimate a collection of group elements $G^*_1, \dots, G^*_n \in \mathcal{G}$ based on noisy observations of a subset of all pairwise ratios of the form $G^*_i {G^*_j}^{-1}$.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Huikang Liu , Man-Chung Yue , Anthony Man-Cho So

Conjugate gradient minimization methods (CGM) and their accelerated variants are widely used. We focus on the use of cubic regularization to improve the CGM direction independent of the step length computation. In this paper, we propose the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-29 Cassidy K. Buhler , Hande Y. Benson , David F. Shanno

The parallel strong-scaling of Krylov iterative methods is largely determined by the number of global reductions required at each iteration. The GMRES and Krylov-Schur algorithms employ the Arnoldi algorithm for nonsymmetric matrices. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Daniel Bielich , Julien Langou , Stephen Thomas , Kasia Swirydowicz , Ichitaro Yamazaki , Erik G. Boman

For a symmetric positive semidefinite linear system of equations $\mathcal{Q} {\bf x} = {\bf b}$, where ${\bf x} = (x_1,\ldots,x_s)$ is partitioned into $s$ blocks, with $s \geq 2$, we show that each cycle of the classical block symmetric…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Xudong Li , Defeng Sun , Kim-Chuan Toh
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