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Speech perception involves storing and integrating sequentially presented items. Recent work in cognitive neuroscience has identified temporal and contextual characteristics in humans' neural encoding of speech that may facilitate this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Oli Danyi Liu , Hao Tang , Naomi Feldman , Sharon Goldwater

Visual inputs are often assumed to improve language understanding in multimodal models. We examine this assumption by asking whether vision-language models (VLMs) can distinguish useful visual evidence from incidental image context in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yifan Jiang , Ruoxi Ning , Sheng Yao , Freda Shi

The current standard approach for fine-tuning transformer-based language models includes a fixed number of training epochs and a linear learning rate schedule. In order to obtain a near-optimal model for the given downstream task, a search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Felix Stollenwerk

It has recently been observed that neural language models trained on unstructured text can implicitly store and retrieve knowledge using natural language queries. In this short paper, we measure the practical utility of this approach by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Adam Roberts , Colin Raffel , Noam Shazeer

Instruct models, obtained from various instruction tuning or post-training steps, are commonly deemed superior and more usable than their base counterpart. While the model gains instruction following ability, instruction tuning may lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ozan İrsoy , Pengxiang Cheng , Jennifer L. Chen , Daniel Preoţiuc-Pietro , Shiyue Zhang , Duccio Pappadopulo

Pretrained language models have improved zero-shot text classification by allowing the transfer of semantic knowledge from the training data in order to classify among specific label sets in downstream tasks. We propose a simple way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lingyu Gao , Debanjan Ghosh , Kevin Gimpel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently been shown to produce estimates of psycholinguistic norms, such as valence, arousal, or concreteness, for words and multiword expressions, that correlate with human judgments. These estimates are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Thomas Hikaru Clark , Carlos Arriaga , Javier Conde , Gonzalo Martínez , Pedro Reviriego

Many recent studies on large-scale language models have reported successful in-context zero- and few-shot learning ability. However, the in-depth analysis of when in-context learning occurs is still lacking. For example, it is unknown how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Seongjin Shin , Sang-Woo Lee , Hwijeen Ahn , Sungdong Kim , HyoungSeok Kim , Boseop Kim , Kyunghyun Cho , Gichang Lee , Woomyoung Park , Jung-Woo Ha , Nako Sung

Language models have been shown to perform better with an increase in scale on a wide variety of tasks via the in-context learning paradigm. In this paper, we investigate the hypothesis that the ability of a large language model to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Hritik Bansal , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Saket Dingliwal , Sravan Bodapati , Katrin Kirchhoff , Dan Roth

Multilingual generative models obtain remarkable cross-lingual in-context learning capabilities through pre-training on large-scale corpora. However, they still exhibit a performance bias toward high-resource languages and learn isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Chong Li , Shaonan Wang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Speech-to-text translation has many potential applications for low-resource languages, but the typical approach of cascading speech recognition with machine translation is often impossible, since the transcripts needed to train a speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Sameer Bansal , Herman Kamper , Karen Livescu , Adam Lopez , Sharon Goldwater

Large language models memorize parts of their training data. Memorizing short snippets and facts is required to answer questions about the world and to be fluent in any language. But models have also been shown to reproduce long verbatim…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Michael Aerni , Javier Rando , Edoardo Debenedetti , Nicholas Carlini , Daphne Ippolito , Florian Tramèr

Existing curriculum learning approaches to Neural Machine Translation (NMT) require sampling sufficient amounts of "easy" samples from training data at the early training stage. This is not always achievable for low-resource languages where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Chen Liang , Haoming Jiang , Xiaodong Liu , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Jianfeng Gao , Tuo Zhao

Transformers that are pre-trained on multilingual corpora, such as, mBERT and XLM-RoBERTa, have achieved impressive cross-lingual transfer capabilities. In the zero-shot transfer setting, only English training data is used, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Yang Chen , Alan Ritter

Causal language models acquire vast amount of knowledge from general text corpus during pretraining, but the efficiency of knowledge learning is known to be unsatisfactory, especially when learning from knowledge-dense and small-sized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jian Gao , Xiao Zhang , Ji Wu , Miao Li

Aligning language models (LMs) based on human-annotated preference data is a crucial step in obtaining practical and performant LM-based systems. However, multilingual human preference data are difficult to obtain at scale, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhaofeng Wu , Ananth Balashankar , Yoon Kim , Jacob Eisenstein , Ahmad Beirami

Recent advances in large language and vision-language models have enabled zero-shot inference, allowing models to solve new tasks without task-specific training. Various adaptation techniques such as prompt engineering, In-Context Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Artyom Gadetsky , Andrei Atanov , Yulun Jiang , Zhitong Gao , Ghazal Hosseini Mighan , Amir Zamir , Maria Brbic

A context-aware language model uses location, user and/or domain metadata (context) to adapt its predictions. In neural language models, context information is typically represented as an embedding and it is given to the RNN as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-08 Aaron Jaech , Mari Ostendorf

Language model pre-training has been shown to capture a surprising amount of world knowledge, crucial for NLP tasks such as question answering. However, this knowledge is stored implicitly in the parameters of a neural network, requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Kelvin Guu , Kenton Lee , Zora Tung , Panupong Pasupat , Ming-Wei Chang

Large transformer-based models are able to perform in-context few-shot learning, without being explicitly trained for it. This observation raises the question: what aspects of the training regime lead to this emergent behavior? Here, we…