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Item Response Theory (IRT) is a well known method for assessing responses from humans in education and psychology. In education, IRT is used to infer student abilities and characteristics of test items from student responses. Interactions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Antti Keurulainen , Isak Westerlund , Oskar Keurulainen , Andrew Howes

We develop T-SKIRT: a temporal, structured-knowledge, IRT-based method for predicting student responses online. By explicitly accounting for student learning and employing a structured, multidimensional representation of student…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-15 Chaitanya Ekanadham , Yan Karklin

Nowadays, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) are so regarded in order to improve education quality via new technologies in this area. One of the problems is that the language of ITSs is different from the learner's. It forces the learners…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-04-17 Hossein Movafegh Ghadirli , Maryam Rastgarpour

Sustained effort is essential for realizing the benefits of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), yet many learners disengage or underuse available practice time. We introduce engagement forecasting as a supervised prediction task based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Eric S. Qiu , Danielle R. Thomas , Boyuan Guo , Vincent Aleven , Conrad Borchers

In Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), tracing the student's knowledge state during learning has been studied for several decades in order to provide more supportive learning instructions. In this paper, we propose a novel model for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Sein Minn , Yi Yu , Michel C. Desmarais , Feida Zhu , Jill Jenn Vie

The goal of imitation learning is to mimic expert behavior from demonstrations, without access to an explicit reward signal. A popular class of approach infers the (unknown) reward function via inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) followed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Carl Qi , Pieter Abbeel , Aditya Grover

Imitation learning (IL) enables agents to acquire skills by observing and replicating the behavior of one or multiple experts. In recent years, advances in deep learning have significantly expanded the capabilities and scalability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Iason Chrysomallis , Georgios Chalkiadakis

This paper investigates personalization in the field of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). We hypothesize that personalization in the way questions are asked improves student learning outcomes. Previous work on dialogue-based ITS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Sabina Elkins , Robert Belfer , Ekaterina Kochmar , Iulian Serban , Jackie C. K. Cheung

Todays, Intelligent and web-based E-Learning is one of the important area in E-Learning. This paper integrates an intelligent and web-based E-Learning with expert system technology to be able to model the learning styles of the learners…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Hossein Movafegh Ghadirli , Maryam Rastgarpour

In this work, we propose a video-based transfer learning approach for predicting problem outcomes of students working with an intelligent tutoring system (ITS). By analyzing a student's face and gestures, our method predicts the outcome of…

In certain academic systems, a student can enroll for an exam immediately after the end of the teaching period or can postpone it to any later examination session, so that the grade is missing until the exam is not attempted. We propose an…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-22 Silvia Bacci , Francesco Bartolucci , Leonardo Grilli , Carla Rampichini

Recently, we have seen a rapid rise in usage of online educational platforms. The personalized education became crucially important in future learning environments. Knowledge tracing (KT) refers to the detection of students' knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Sein Minn

Item response theory (IRT) is a class of interpretable factor models that are widely used in computerized adaptive tests (CATs), such as language proficiency tests. Traditionally, these are fit using parametric mixed effects models on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 James Sharpnack , Phoebe Mulcaire , Klinton Bicknell , Geoff LaFlair , Kevin Yancey

We investigate how automated, data-driven, personalized feedback in a large-scale intelligent tutoring system (ITS) improves student learning outcomes. We propose a machine learning approach to generate personalized feedback, which takes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Ekaterina Kochmar , Dung Do Vu , Robert Belfer , Varun Gupta , Iulian Vlad Serban , Joelle Pineau

This paper proposes a simple but highly efficient expansion-based model for continual learning. The recent feature transformation, masking and factorization-based methods are efficient, but they grow the model only over the global or shared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Soumya Roy , Vinay K Verma , Deepak Gupta

Evolution strategies (ES), as a family of black-box optimization algorithms, recently emerge as a scalable alternative to reinforcement learning (RL) approaches such as Q-learning or policy gradient, and are much faster when many central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Zhi Wang , Chunlin Chen , Daoyi Dong

Intelligent tutors have proven to be effective in K-12 education, though their impact on adult learners -- especially as a supplementary resource -- remains underexplored. Understanding how adults voluntarily engage with educational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Adit Gupta , Christopher MacLellan

In Meta-Reinforcement Learning (meta-RL) an agent is trained on a set of tasks to prepare for and learn faster in new, unseen, but related tasks. The training tasks are usually hand-crafted to be representative of the expected distribution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Ricardo Luna Gutierrez , Matteo Leonetti

Item response theory (IRT) models have been widely used in educational measurement testing. When there are repeated observations available for individuals through time, a dynamic structure for the latent trait of ability needs to be…

Applications · Statistics 2013-04-17 Xiaojing Wang , James O. Berger , Donald S. Burdick

Test-time training (TTT) adapts model parameters on unlabeled test instances during inference time, which continuously extends capabilities beyond the reach of offline training. Despite initial gains, existing TTT methods for LRMs plateau…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qingyang Zhang , Xinke Kong , Haitao Wu , Qinghua Hu , Minghao Wu , Baosong Yang , Yu Cheng , Yun Luo , Ganqu Cui , Changqing Zhang