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We consider open quantum systems weakly coupled to thermal reservoirs and subjected to quantum feedback operations triggered with or without delay by monitored quantum jumps. We establish a thermodynamic description of such system and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-16 Philipp Strasberg , Gernot Schaller , Tobias Brandes , Massimiliano Esposito

Continuous quantum measurement and feedback induce energy exchange between a dissipative qubit and a monitor even in the steady state, as a measurement backaction. Using the Lindblad equation, we identified the maximum and minimum values of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Tsuyoshi Yamamoto , Yasuhiro Tokura

Fluctuations are intrinsic to microscopic systems and impose fundamental limits on nonequilibrium precision, as captured by the thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), which links current fluctuations to entropy production. While feedback…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Ryotaro Honma , Tan Van Vu

While the fluctuation theorem in classical systems has been thoroughly generalized under various feedback control setups, an intriguing situation in quantum systems, namely under continuous feedback, remains to be investigated. In this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-05-11 Toshihiro Yada , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Takahiro Sagawa

We set up a framework for quantum stochastic thermodynamics based solely on experimentally controllable, but otherwise arbitrary interventions at discrete times. Using standard assumptions about the system-bath dynamics and insights from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-22 Philipp Strasberg

Fluctuation theorems and the second law of thermodynamics are powerful relations constraining the behavior of out-of-equilibrium systems. While there exist generalizations of these relations to feedback controlled quantum systems, their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Kacper Prech , Patrick P. Potts

The study of feedback control inspired by Maxwell's demon is central to the understanding of the relationship between thermodynamics and information. In this paper, we establish fundamental lower limits on the work costs of system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Kaiyuan Ji , Gilad Gour , Mark M. Wilde

We investigate a measurement-feedback process of repeated operations with time delay. During a finite-time interval, measurement on the system is performed and the feedback protocol derived from the measurement outcome is applied with time…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-08 Chulan Kwon , Jaegon Um , Hyunggyu Park

Thermodynamic entropy is not an entirely satisfactory measure of information of a quantum state. This entropy for an unknown pure state is zero, although repeated measurements on copies of such a pure state do communicate information. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Subhash Kak

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) under quantum continuous measurement and feedback control. By incorporating the quantum-classical-transfer entropy, which quantifies the information gained by continuous measurement, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-20 Kaito Tojo , Takahiro Sagawa , Ken Funo

Feedback cooling plays a critical role in stabilizing quantum systems and achieving low temperatures, where a key question is to determine the fundamental thermodynamic limits on cooling performance. We establish a fundamental bound on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Kousuke Kumasaki , Toshihiro Yada , Ken Funo , Takahiro Sagawa

Considering a general microscopic model for a quantum measuring apparatus comprising a quantum probe coupled to a thermal bath, we analyze the energetic resources necessary for the realization of a quantum measurement, which includes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Camille L Latune , Cyril Elouard

The laws of thermodynamics apply equally well to quantum systems as to classical systems, and because of this quantum effects do not change the fundamental thermodynamic efficiency of isothermal refrigerators or engines. We show that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Jordan M. Horowitz , Kurt Jacobs

The laws of thermodynamics are a cornerstone for describing nanoscale and open quantum systems. However, formulating these laws for systems under continuous feedback control and under experimentally relevant conditions is challenging. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-23 Kacper Prech , Joël Aschwanden , Patrick P. Potts

Feedback control uses the state information of the system to actuate on it. The information used implies an effective entropy reduction of the controlled system, potentially increasing its performance. How to compute this entropy reduction…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-12 Natalia Ruiz-Pino , Daniel Villarubia-Moreno , Antonio Prados , Francisco J. Cao-García

Fundamental trade-off relations, such as quantum speed limit and quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation, describe the performance limits of quantum systems by imposing that improvements in speed or precision necessitate a substantial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Hayato Yunoki , Yoshihiko Hasegawa

We investigate thermodynamics of feedback processes driven by measurement. Regarding system and memory device as a composite system, mutual information as a measure of correlation between the two constituents contributes to the entropy of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-04-12 Chulan Kwon

Quantum thermodynamics has emerged as a central field for understanding how energy conversion processes occur in microscopic systems. In these systems, effects such as coherence, entanglement, and non-Markovianity play key roles. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 J. M. Z. Choquehuanca

Quantum feedback is a technique for measuring a qubit and applying appropriate feedback depending on the measurement results. Here, we propose a new on-chip quantum feedback method where the measurement-result information is not taken from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-03 K. Kakuyanagi , A. Kemp , T. Baba , Y. Matsuzaki , H. Nakano , K. Semba , S. Saito

The thermodynamic uncertainty relation posits that higher thermodynamic costs are essential for a system to function with greater precision. Recent discussions have expanded thermodynamic uncertainty relations beyond classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Yoshihiko Hasegawa
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