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Developing methods to accurately characterize and mitigate the impact of noise is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of quantum simulations on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. In this work, we present a circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Ruizhe Shen , Tianqi Chen , Ching Hua Lee

Error mitigation has been one of the recently sought after methods to reduce the effects of noise when computation is performed on a noisy near-term quantum computer. Interest in simulating stochastic processes with quantum models gained…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Matthew Ho , Ryuji Takagi , Mile Gu

Quantum metrology stands as a leading application of quantum science and technology, yet noise often constrains its precision and sensitivity. In near-term quantum metrology, existing protocols largely depend on virtual state purification,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Xiaodie Lin , Haidong Yuan

As fully fault-tolerant quantum computers capable of solving useful problems remain a distant goal, we anticipate an era of "early fault tolerance" where limited error correction is available. We propose a framework for designing early…

The detrimental effect of noise accumulates as quantum computers grow in size. In the case where devices are too small or noisy to perform error correction, error mitigation may be used. Error mitigation does not increase the fidelity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Cristina Cirstoiu , Silas Dilkes , Daniel Mills , Seyon Sivarajah , Ross Duncan

Quantum computing is a promising paradigm for efficiently solving large and high-complexity problems. To protect quantum computing privacy, pioneering research efforts proposed to redefine differential privacy (DP) in quantum computing,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-25 Hui Zhong , Keyi Ju , Manojna Sistla , Xinyue Zhang , Xiaoqi Qin , Xin Fu , Miao Pan

Noise poses a fundamental challenge to quantum information processing, with amplitude-damping (AD) noise being particularly detrimental. Preserving high-fidelity quantum systems therefore relies critically on effective error correction and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Kai Wang , Zhen-Yang Peng

The demonstration of quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the most important milestones in the realization of fully-fledged quantum computers. Toward this, QEC experiments using the surface codes have recently been actively conducted.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Mitsuki Katsuda , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Numerous mitigation methods exist for quantum noise suppression, making it challenging to identify the optimum approach for a specific application; especially as ongoing advances in hardware tuning and error correction are expected to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Zach Blunden-Codd , Mohamed Tamaazousti

Probabilistic Error Cancellation (PEC) aims to improve the accuracy of expectation values for observables. This is accomplished using the probabilistic insertion of recovery gates, which correspond to the inverse of errors. However, the…

In quantum computing, error mitigation is a method to improve the results of an error-prone quantum processor by post-processing them on a classical computer. In this work, we improve the General Error Mitigation (GEM) method for…

Quantum noise is a central challenge in quantum computing across many applications. Extensive work has examined how qubits couple to their environment, leading to decoherence and relaxation, which is irreversible. Current studies focus on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Yunos El Kaderi , Andreas Honecker , Iryna Andriyanova

Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

Qubit loss and gate failure are significant obstacles for the implementation of scalable quantum computation. Recently there have been several proposals for overcoming these problems, including schemes based on parity and cluster states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter P. Rohde , Timothy C. Ralph , William J. Munro

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) infers noiseless expectation values from noisy variants of a target quantum circuit. Unlike quantum error correction, QEM requires no additional hardware resources and is therefore routinely employed in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Raam Uzdin

In theory, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum physics, factor large numbers and estimate integrals, thus solving otherwise intractable computational problems. In practice, quantum computers must operate with noisy devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. Knill

Ubiquitous noises in quantum systems remain a key obstacle to building quantum computers, necessitating the use of quantum error correction codes. Recently, error-correcting codes tailored for noise-biased systems have been shown to offer…

In this paper, we derive optimized measurement-free protocols for quantum error correction and the implementation of a universal gate set optimized for an error model that is noise biased . The noise bias is adapted for neutral atom…

Quantum error correction with biased-noise qubits can drastically reduce the hardware overhead for universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation. Cat qubits are a promising realization of biased-noise qubits as they feature an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-07 Ronan Gautier , Alain Sarlette , Mazyar Mirrahimi

Certain types of quantum computing platforms, such as those realized using Rydberg atoms or Kerr-cat qubits, are natively more susceptible to Pauli-Z noise than Pauli-X noise, or vice versa. On such hardware, it is useful to ensure that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Debadrito Roy , Aryaman Manish Kolhe , V. Lalitha , Navin Kashyap