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Vector search underpins modern AI applications by supporting approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) queries over high-dimensional embeddings in tasks like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), recommendation systems, and multimodal search.…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shurui Zhong , Dingheng Mo , Siqiang Luo

Database Management Systems and K/V-Stores operate on updatable datasets -- massively exceeding the size of available main memory. Tree-based K/V storage management structures became particularly popular in storage engines. B+ Trees allow…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Christian Riegger , Ilia Petrov

Recent advancements in large language models have significantly improved their context windows, yet challenges in effective long-term memory management remain. We introduce MemTree, an algorithm that leverages a dynamic, tree-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Alireza Rezazadeh , Zichao Li , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao

Scan-based operations, such as backstage compaction and value filtering, have emerged as the main bottleneck for LSM-Trees in supporting contemporary data-intensive applications. For slower external storage devices, such as HDD and SATA…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Jianfeng Huang , Ziyao Wang , Lin Yuan , Jiajie Wen , Yihao Cao , Dongjing Miao , Yong Wang , Jiahao Zhang

Key-value stores underpin a wide range of applications due to their simplicity and efficiency. Log-Structured Merge Trees (LSM-trees) dominate as their underlying structure, excelling at handling rapidly growing data. Recent research has…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Junfeng Liu , Haoxuan Xie , Siqiang Luo

Large language models (LLMs) are being increasingly explored for graph tasks. Despite their remarkable success in text-based tasks, LLMs' capabilities in understanding explicit graph structures remain limited, particularly with large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Sambhav Khurana , Xiner Li , Shurui Gui , Shuiwang Ji

LSM-trees are widely adopted as the storage backend of key-value stores. However, optimizing the system performance under dynamic workloads has not been sufficiently studied or evaluated in previous work. To fill the gap, we present RusKey,…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Dingheng Mo , Fanchao Chen , Siqiang Luo , Caihua Shan

The log-structured merge tree (LSM-tree) is widely employed to build key-value (KV) stores. LSM-tree organizes multiple levels in memory and on disk. The compaction of LSM-tree, which is used to redeploy KV pairs between on-disk levels in…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yanpeng Hu , Li Zhu , Lei Jia , Chundong Wang

Dynamic graph storage systems are essential for real-time applications such as social networks and recommendation, where graph data continuously evolves. However, they face significant challenges in efficiently handling concurrent read and…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Chiyu Hao , Jixian Su , Shixuan Sun , Hao Zhang , Sen Gao , Jianwen Zhao , Chenyi Zhang , Jieru Zhao , Chen Chen , Minyi Guo

We present LearnedKV, a novel tiered key-value store that seamlessly integrates a Log-Structured Merge (LSM) tree with a Learned Index to achieve superior read and write performance on storage systems. While existing approaches use learned…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Wenlong Wang , David Hung-Chang Du

The Log-Structured Merge-Tree (LSM-tree) has been widely adopted for use in modern NoSQL systems for its superior write performance. Despite the popularity of LSM-trees, they have been criticized for suffering from write stalls and large…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Chen Luo , Michael J. Carey

The log-structured merge tree (LSM-tree) gains wide popularity in building key-value (KV) stores. It employs logs to back up arriving KV pairs and maintains a few on-disk levels with exponentially increasing capacity limits, resembling a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Yanpeng Hu , Chundong Wang

Session search involves a series of interactive queries and actions to fulfill user's complex information need. Current strategies typically prioritize sequential modeling for deep semantic understanding, overlooking the graph structure in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Songhao Wu , Quan Tu , Hong Liu , Jia Xu , Zhongyi Liu , Guannan Zhang , Ran Wang , Xiuying Chen , Rui Yan

Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate structured knowledge via graph retrieval as contextual input, enhancing more accurate and context-aware reasoning. We observe that for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Qiuyu Zhu , Liang Zhang , Qianxiong Xu , Cheng Long , Jie Zhang

Graph analytics are at the heart of a broad range of applications such as drug discovery, page ranking, and recommendation systems. When graph size exceeds memory size, out-of-core graph processing is needed. For the widely used external…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Kiran Kumar Matam , Hanieh Hashemi , Murali Annavaram

Due to the dynamic nature of real-world graphs, there has been a growing interest in the graph-streaming setting where a continuous stream of graph updates is mixed with arbitrary graph queries. In principle, purely-functional trees are an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Laxman Dhulipala , Julian Shun , Guy Blelloch

The paper presents structures and techniques aimed towards co-designing scalable asynchronous and decentralized dynamic graph processing for fine-grain memory-driven architectures. It uses asynchronous active messages, in the form of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Bibrak Qamar Chandio , Maciej Brodowicz , Thomas Sterling

This paper studies the design of B-tree that can take full advantage of modern storage hardware with built-in transparent compression. Recent years have witnessed significant interest in applying log-structured merge tree (LSM-tree) as an…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Yifan Qiao , Xubin Chen , Ning Zheng , Jiangpeng Li , Yang Liu , Tong Zhang

The sparse representation of graphs has shown great potential for accelerating the computation of graph applications (e.g., Social Networks, Knowledge Graphs) on traditional computing architectures (CPU, GPU, or TPU). But the exploration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Bo Lyu , Shengbo Wang , Shiping Wen , Kaibo Shi , Yin Yang , Lingfang Zeng , Tingwen Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in processing various data structures, including graphs. While previous research has focused on developing textual encoding methods for graph representation, the emergence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Zhiqiang Zhong , Davide Mottin