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Self-correction has achieved impressive results in enhancing the style and security of the generated output from large language models (LLMs). However, recent studies suggest that self-correction might be limited or even counterproductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Che Zhang , Zhenyang Xiao , Chengcheng Han , Yixin Lian , Yuejian Fang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shifted the post-training paradigm from traditional instruction tuning and human preference alignment toward reinforcement learning (RL) focused on reasoning capabilities. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Qianxi He , Qingyu Ren , Shanzhe Lei , Xuhong Wang , Yingchun Wang

LLM-as-a-judge models have been used for evaluating both human and AI generated content, specifically by providing scores and rationales. Rationales, in addition to increasing transparency, help models learn to calibrate its judgments.…

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), especially when combined with reinforcement learning (RL) based post-training methods. While longer reasoning traces can improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Qinhang Wu , Sen Lin , Ming Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Ness B. Shroff

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), significantly enhancing their reasoning abilities in domains such as mathematics and code generation. A crucial factor influencing RL fine-tuning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xiaoyin Chen , Jiarui Lu , Minsu Kim , Dinghuai Zhang , Jian Tang , Alexandre Piché , Nicolas Gontier , Yoshua Bengio , Ehsan Kamalloo

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable progress on task-specific benchmarks, yet their evaluation methods remain constrained by isolated problem-solving paradigms. Existing benchmarks predominantly assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhuoshi Pan , Qizhi Pei , Yu Li , Qiyao Sun , Zinan Tang , H. Vicky Zhao , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Generating step-by-step "chain-of-thought" rationales improves language model performance on complex reasoning tasks like mathematics or commonsense question-answering. However, inducing language model rationale generation currently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Eric Zelikman , Yuhuai Wu , Jesse Mu , Noah D. Goodman

Long reasoning models often struggle in multilingual settings: they tend to reason in English for non-English questions; when constrained to reasoning in the question language, accuracies drop substantially. The struggle is caused by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Junxiao Liu , Zhijun Wang , Yixiao Li , Zhejian Lai , Liqian Huang , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Shujian Huang

Recently, with the chain of thought (CoT) prompting, large language models (LLMs), e.g., GPT-3, have shown strong reasoning ability in several natural language processing tasks such as arithmetic, commonsense, and logical reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Fei Xia , Bin Li , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Bin Sun , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

While language models have shown remarkable performance across diverse tasks, they still encounter challenges in complex reasoning scenarios. Recent research suggests that language models trained on linearized search traces toward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Seungyong Moon , Bumsoo Park , Hyun Oh Song

Recent language models achieve impressive results in tasks involving complex multistep reasoning, but scaling these capabilities further traditionally requires expensive collection of more annotated data. In this work, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Marek Kadlčík , Michal Štefánik

In a plethora of recent work, large language models (LLMs) demonstrated impressive reasoning ability, but many proposed downstream reasoning tasks only focus on final answers. Two fundamental questions persist: 1) how consistent is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ziyi Liu , Soumya Sanyal , Isabelle Lee , Yongkang Du , Rahul Gupta , Yang Liu , Jieyu Zhao

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown rapid improvements in reasoning capabilities, driven largely by reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards. Here, we ask whether these LLMs can self-improve without the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yufan Zhuang , Chandan Singh , Liyuan Liu , Yelong Shen , Dinghuai Zhang , Jingbo Shang , Jianfeng Gao , Weizhu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed with fixed parameters, and their performance is often improved by allocating more computation at inference time. While such test-time scaling can be effective, it cannot correct model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Chaehee Song , Minseok Seo , Yeeun Seong , Doyi Kim , Changick Kim

Self-taught reasoners (STaRs) enhance the mathematical reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) by leveraging self-generated responses for self-training. Recent studies have incorporated reward models to guide response selection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Feng Xiong , Hongling Xu , Yifei Wang , Runxi Cheng , Yong Wang , Xiangxiang Chu

Can language models improve their reasoning performance without external rewards, using only their own sampled responses for training? We show that they can. We propose Self-evolving Post-Training (SePT), a simple post-training method that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Mengqi Li , Lei Zhao , Anthony Man-Cho So , Ruoyu Sun , Xiao Li

Multi-trait automated essay scoring (AES) systems provide a fine-grained evaluation of an essay's diverse aspects. While they excel in scoring, prior systems fail to explain why specific trait scores are assigned. This lack of transparency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Heejin Do , Sangwon Ryu , Gary Geunbae Lee

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generative abilities, but can they judge the quality of their own generations? A popular concept, referred to as self-refinement, postulates that LLMs can detect and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Kumar Shridhar , Koustuv Sinha , Andrew Cohen , Tianlu Wang , Ping Yu , Ram Pasunuru , Mrinmaya Sachan , Jason Weston , Asli Celikyilmaz

Effective training of language models (LMs) for mathematical reasoning tasks demands high-quality supervised fine-tuning data. Besides obtaining annotations from human experts, a common alternative is sampling from larger and more powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tianduo Wang , Shichen Li , Wei Lu

Large-scale high-quality training data is important for improving the performance of models. After trained with data that has rationales (reasoning steps), models gain reasoning capability. However, the dataset with high-quality rationales…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yunlong Feng , Yang Xu , Libo Qin , Yasheng Wang , Wanxiang Che