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The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is frequently hindered by prohibitive memory and computational requirements. While quantization mitigates these bottlenecks, maintaining model fidelity in the sub-1-bit regime remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Banseok Lee , Dongkyu Kim , Youngcheon You , Youngmin Kim

Distributed inference of large language models (LLMs) using tensor parallelism can introduce communication overheads of $20$% even over GPUs connected via NVLink, a high-speed GPU interconnect. Several techniques have been proposed to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Raja Gond , Nipun Kwatra , Ramachandran Ramjee

Language prediction is constrained by informational entropy intrinsic to language, such that there exists a limit to how accurate any language model can become and equivalently a lower bound to language compression. The most efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Benjamin L. Badger , Matthew Neligeorge

State-of-the-art language models (LMs) represented by long-short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) and Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Junhao Xu , Jianwei Yu , Shoukang Hu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Real-world applications are stretching context windows to hundreds of thousand of tokens while Large Language Models (LLMs) swell from billions to trillions of parameters. This dual expansion send compute and memory costs skyrocketing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Ling Xing , Alex Jinpeng Wang , Rui Yan , Xiangbo Shu , Jinhui Tang

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have been successful for a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The state-of-the-art of PLMs, however, are extremely large to be used on edge devices. As a result, the topic of model…

Low-rank tensor compression has been proposed as a promising approach to reduce the memory and compute requirements of neural networks for their deployment on edge devices. Tensor compression reduces the number of parameters required to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Cole Hawkins , Haichuan Yang , Meng Li , Liangzhen Lai , Vikas Chandra

Subword tokenization is a key design choice for modern language models, including large language models (LLMs), with byte- and character-level BPE serving as a widely used baseline. Standard BPE selects merges by raw pair frequency, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Azam Nouri

Real-world business applications require a trade-off between language model performance and size. We propose a new method for model compression that relies on vocabulary transfer. We evaluate the method on various vertical domains and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Leonidas Gee , Andrea Zugarini , Leonardo Rigutini , Paolo Torroni

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) presents significant deployment challenges due to their massive computational and memory demands. While model compression, such as network pruning, offers potential solutions, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ziwei Li , Yuang Ma , Yi Kang

The rapid scaling of language models (LMs) has resulted in unprecedented computational, memory, and energy requirements, making their training and deployment increasingly unsustainable. Quantization has emerged as an essential compression…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being extensively used for cybersecurity purposes. One of them is the detection of vulnerable codes. For the sake of efficiency and effectiveness, compression and fine-tuning techniques are being developed,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Luis Ibanez-Lissen , Lorena Gonzalez-Manzano , Jose Maria de Fuentes , Nicolas Anciaux

Lossless model compression holds tremendous promise for alleviating the memory and bandwidth bottlenecks in bit-exact Large Language Model (LLM) serving. However, existing approaches often result in substantial inference slowdowns due to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Ruibo Fan , Xiangrui Yu , Xinglin Pan , Zeyu Li , Weile Luo , Qiang Wang , Wei Wang , Xiaowen Chu

With the popularity of the recent Transformer-based models represented by BERT, GPT-3 and ChatGPT, there has been state-of-the-art performance in a range of natural language processing tasks. However, the massive computations, huge memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Gaochen Dong , Wei Chen

Tokenization is a foundational step in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, bridging raw text and language models. Existing tokenization approaches like Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) originate from the field of data compression, and it has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Craig W. Schmidt , Varshini Reddy , Haoran Zhang , Alec Alameddine , Omri Uzan , Yuval Pinter , Chris Tanner

Data used for analytics and machine learning often take the form of tables with categorical entries. We introduce a family of lossless compression algorithms for such data that proceed in four steps: $(i)$ Estimate latent variables…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Andrea Montanari , Eric Weiner

The cold-start issue is the challenge when we talk about recommender systems, especially in the case when we do not have the past interaction data of new users or new items. Content-based features or hybrid solutions are common as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yushang Zhao , Xinyue Han , Qian Leng , Qianyi Sun , Haotian Lyu , Chengrui Zhou

Making large language models (LLMs) more efficient in memory, latency, and serving cost is crucial for edge deployment, interactive applications, and sustainable inference at scale. Pruning is a promising technique, but existing pruning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Eugene Kwek , Wenpeng Yin

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in various tasks in machine learning and have thus become one of the most important workloads in today's computing landscape. However, deploying LLM inference poses challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jungi Lee , Wonbeom Lee , Jaewoong Sim

State-of-the-art language models are becoming increasingly large in an effort to achieve the highest performance on large corpora of available textual data. However, the sheer size of the Transformer architectures makes it difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Tycho F. A. van der Ouderaa , Markus Nagel , Mart van Baalen , Yuki M. Asano , Tijmen Blankevoort