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Human brain functional connectivity (FC) is often measured as the similarity of functional MRI responses across brain regions when a brain is either resting or performing a task. This paper aims to statistically analyze the dynamic nature…
Simultaneous real-time fMRI and EEG neurofeedback (rtfMRI-EEG-nf) is an emerging neuromodulation approach, that enables simultaneous volitional regulation of both hemodynamic (BOLD fMRI) and electrophysiological (EEG) brain activities. Here…
In recent years, there has been strong interest in neuroscience studies to investigate brain organization through networks of brain regions that demonstrate strong functional connectivity (FC). These networks are extracted from observed…
Background: Direct electrical stimulation of the brain through intracranial electrodes is currently used to probe the epileptic brain as part of pre-surgical evaluation, and it is also being considered for therapeutic treatments through…
Experimental data have revealed that neuronal connection efficacy exhibits two forms of short-term plasticity, namely, short-term depression (STD) and short-term facilitation (STF). They have time constants residing between fast neural…
This paper investigates prefrontal cortex (PFC) functional connectivity based on synchronized electrical and hemodynamic responses associated with mental stress. The electrical response was based on alpha rhythmic of Electroencephalography…
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become one of the most common imaging modalities for brain function analysis. Recently, graph neural networks (GNN) have been adopted for fMRI analysis with superior performance.…
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is becoming an important method in the field of motor rehabilitation because of its ability to non-invasively influence ongoing brain oscillations at arbitrary frequencies. However,…
Mental disorders present challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to their complex and heterogeneous nature. Electroencephalogram (EEG) has shown promise as a potential biomarker for these disorders. However, existing methods for analyzing…
Topological data analysis (TDA) has become a powerful approach over the last twenty years, mainly due to its ability to capture the shape and the geometry inherent in the data. Persistence homology, which is a particular tool in TDA, has…
We present a didactic introduction to spectral Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM), a Bayesian state-space modelling approach used to infer effective connectivity from non-invasive neuroimaging data. Spectral DCM is currently the most widely…
Social isolation (SI) in older adults has emerged as a critical mental health concern, with established links to cognitive decline. While depression is hypothesized to mediate this relationship, the longitudinal mechanisms remain unclear.…
Understanding the dynamic nature of brain connectivity is critical for elucidating neural processing, behavior, and brain disorders. Traditional approaches such as sliding-window correlation (SWC) characterize time-varying undirected…
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a well-supported, evidence-based treatment for depression. However, patterns of response to this treatment are inconsistent. Emerging evidence suggests that artificial intelligence can…
Functional Connectivity between brain regions is known to be altered in Alzheimer's disease, and promises to be a biomarker for early diagnosis of the disease. While several approaches for functional connectivity obtain an un-directed…
This article presents a new methodology called deep Theory of Functional Connections (TFC) that estimates the solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by combining neural networks with TFC. TFC is used to transform PDEs with…
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used for understanding brain function in neurologically intact subjects and for the treatment of various disorders. However, the precise neurophysiological effects of TMS at the site of…
The Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) records the temporal dynamics of intrinsic functional networks in the brain. However, existing deep learning methods applied to rs-fMRI either neglect the…
Functional connectivity (FC) has been widely used to study brain network interactions underlying the emerging cognition and behavior of an individual. FC is usually defined as the correlation or partial correlation between brain regions.…
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by insufficient top-down modulation of the amygdala activity by the prefrontal cortex. Real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) is an…