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Large Language Models (LLMs) have introduced a paradigm shift in interaction with AI technology, enabling knowledge workers to complete tasks by specifying their desired outcome in natural language. LLMs have the potential to increase…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Michelle Brachman , Amina El-Ashry , Casey Dugan , Werner Geyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen rapid advancements in recent years, with models like ChatGPT and DeepSeek, showcasing their remarkable capabilities across diverse domains. While substantial research has been conducted on LLMs in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Licheng Zhang , Bach Le , Naveed Akhtar , Siew-Kei Lam , Tuan Ngo

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, with large language models (LLMs) emerging as a significant breakthrough. LLMs are increasingly making an impact across various industries, with the medical field…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Zhiyu Kan , Wensheng Gan , Zhenlian Qi , Philip S. Yu

The rise of generative large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities for automating knowledge representation through concept maps, a long-standing pedagogical tool valued for fostering meaningful learning and higher-order…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xiaoming Zhai

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities that increasingly influence various aspects of our daily lives, constantly defining the new boundary of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Image modalities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Yihe Fan , Yuxin Cao , Ziyu Zhao , Ziyao Liu , Shaofeng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language tasks, marking significant strides towards general artificial intelligence. While general artificial intelligence is leveraged by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yizhe Yang , Huashan Sun , Jiawei Li , Runheng Liu , Yinghao Li , Yuhang Liu , Heyan Huang , Yang Gao

Generation capabilities and language coverage of multilingual large language models (mLLMs) are advancing rapidly. However, evaluation practices for generative abilities of mLLMs are still lacking comprehensiveness, scientific rigor, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Julia Kreutzer , Eleftheria Briakou , Sweta Agrawal , Marzieh Fadaee , Kocmi Tom

Multimodal Vision Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as a transformative topic at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, enabling machines to perceive and reason about the world through both visual and textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zongxia Li , Xiyang Wu , Hongyang Du , Fuxiao Liu , Huy Nghiem , Guangyao Shi

With the ongoing rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems in high-stakes domains, ensuring the trustworthiness, safety, and observability of these systems has become crucial. It is essential to evaluate and monitor AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Krishnaram Kenthapadi , Mehrnoosh Sameki , Ankur Taly

We explore the integration of large language models (LLMs) into visual analytics (VA) systems to transform their capabilities through intuitive natural language interactions. We survey current research directions in this emerging field,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Maeve Hutchinson , Radu Jianu , Aidan Slingsby , Pranava Madhyastha

The recent advancement in video temporal grounding (VTG) has significantly enhanced fine-grained video understanding, primarily driven by multimodal large language models (MLLMs). With superior multimodal comprehension and reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jianlong Wu , Wei Liu , Ye Liu , Meng Liu , Liqiang Nie , Zhouchen Lin , Chang Wen Chen

We present MM1.5, a new family of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) designed to enhance capabilities in text-rich image understanding, visual referring and grounding, and multi-image reasoning. Building upon the MM1 architecture,…

Vision-language models (VLMs) integrate visual and textual information, enabling a wide range of applications such as image captioning and visual question answering, making them crucial for modern AI systems. However, their high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Gaurav Shinde , Anuradha Ravi , Emon Dey , Shadman Sakib , Milind Rampure , Nirmalya Roy

Humans possess spatial reasoning abilities that enable them to understand spaces through multimodal observations, such as vision and sound. Large multimodal reasoning models extend these abilities by learning to perceive and reason, showing…

Large multimodal models (LMMs) combine unimodal encoders and large language models (LLMs) to perform multimodal tasks. Despite recent advancements towards the interpretability of these models, understanding internal representations of LMMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jayneel Parekh , Pegah Khayatan , Mustafa Shukor , Alasdair Newson , Matthieu Cord

The recent advancements in generative language models have demonstrated their ability to memorize knowledge from documents and recall knowledge to respond to user queries effectively. Building upon this capability, we propose to enable…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yongqi Li , Wenjie Wang , Leigang Qu , Liqiang Nie , Wenjie Li , Tat-Seng Chua

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong cross-modal reasoning capabilities, yet their potential for vision-only tasks remains underexplored. We investigate MLLMs as training-free similarity estimators for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Bahey Tharwat , Giorgos Kordopatis-Zilos , Pavel Suma , Ian Reid , Giorgos Tolias

This study aims to comprehensively review and empirically evaluate the application of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and Large Vision Models (VLMs) in object detection for transportation systems. In the first fold, we provide a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Huthaifa I. Ashqar , Ahmed Jaber , Taqwa I. Alhadidi , Mohammed Elhenawy

Large multimodal language models (LMMs) have achieved significant success in general domains. However, due to the significant differences between medical images and text and general web content, the performance of LMMs in medical scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Weihao Gao , Zhuo Deng , Zhiyuan Niu , Fuju Rong , Chucheng Chen , Zheng Gong , Wenze Zhang , Daimin Xiao , Fang Li , Zhenjie Cao , Zhaoyi Ma , Wenbin Wei , Lan Ma

Large language models (LLMs) are a class of artificial intelligence models based on deep learning, which have great performance in various tasks, especially in natural language processing (NLP). Large language models typically consist of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-04 Jiajia Liu , Mengyuan Yang , Yankai Yu , Haixia Xu , Tiangang Wang , Kang Li , Xiaobo Zhou