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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in AI-driven educational instruction and assessment, particularly within mathematics education. The capability of LLMs to generate accurate answers and detailed solutions for math…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Liang Zhang , Edith Aurora Graf

We conduct experiments on the impact of increasing inference-time compute in reasoning models (specifically OpenAI o1-preview and o1-mini) on their robustness to adversarial attacks. We find that across a variety of attacks, increased…

Reasoning-enabled large language models (LLMs) excel in logical tasks, yet their utility for evaluating natural language generation remains unexplored. This study systematically compares reasoning LLMs with non-reasoning counterparts across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Daniil Larionov , Sotaro Takeshita , Ran Zhang , Yanran Chen , Christoph Leiter , Zhipin Wang , Christian Greisinger , Steffen Eger

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1 have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning tasks. Their strong capability to generate and reason over intermediate thoughts has also led to arguments that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Saurabh Srivastava , Ziyu Yao

The advent of large reasoning models, such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek R1, has significantly advanced complex reasoning tasks. However, their capabilities in multilingual complex reasoning remain underexplored, with existing efforts largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Wenyang Luo , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Sha , Shijin Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Frontier AI models demonstrate formidable breadth of knowledge. But how close are they to true human -- or superhuman -- expertise? Genuine experts can tackle the hardest problems and push the boundaries of scientific understanding. To…

OpenAI's o3-preview reasoning model exceeded human accuracy on the ARC-AGI-1 benchmark, but does that mean state-of-the-art models recognize and reason with the abstractions the benchmark was designed to test? Here we investigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Claas Beger , Ryan Yi , Shuhao Fu , Kaleda Denton , Arseny Moskvichev , Sarah W. Tsai , Sivasankaran Rajamanickam , Melanie Mitchell

Advanced models such as OpenAI o1 exhibit impressive problem-solving capabilities through step-by-step reasoning. However, they may still falter on more complex problems, making errors that disrupt their reasoning paths. We attribute this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yew Ken Chia , Guizhen Chen , Weiwen Xu , Luu Anh Tuan , Soujanya Poria , Lidong Bing

Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI's o1/o3 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated remarkable performance in specialized reasoning tasks through human-like deliberative thinking and long chain-of-thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Weixiang Zhao , Xingyu Sui , Jiahe Guo , Yulin Hu , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Xuda Zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

OpenAI o1 has shown that applying reinforcement learning to integrate reasoning steps directly during inference can significantly improve a model's reasoning capabilities. This result is exciting as the field transitions from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jun Wang

Test-time scaling is a promising new approach to language modeling that uses extra test-time compute to improve performance. Recently, OpenAI's o1 model showed this capability but did not publicly share its methodology, leading to many…

Large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's o1 have demonstrated remarkable abilities in complex reasoning tasks by scaling test-time compute and exhibiting human-like deep thinking. However, we identify a phenomenon we term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yue Wang , Qiuzhi Liu , Jiahao Xu , Tian Liang , Xingyu Chen , Zhiwei He , Linfeng Song , Dian Yu , Juntao Li , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

An essential element of human mathematical reasoning is our number sense -- an abstract understanding of numbers and their relationships -- which allows us to solve problems involving vast number spaces using limited computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Roussel Rahman

This study evaluates the performance of OpenAI's o1-preview model in higher-order cognitive domains, including critical thinking, systematic thinking, computational thinking, data literacy, creative thinking, logical reasoning, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ehsan Latif , Yifan Zhou , Shuchen Guo , Lehong Shi , Yizhu Gao , Matthew Nyaaba , Arne Bewerdorff , Xiantong Yang , Xiaoming Zhai

OpenAI o1 represents a significant milestone in Artificial Inteiligence, which achieves expert-level performances on many challanging tasks that require strong reasoning ability.OpenAI has claimed that the main techinique behinds o1 is the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Zhiyuan Zeng , Qinyuan Cheng , Zhangyue Yin , Bo Wang , Shimin Li , Yunhua Zhou , Qipeng Guo , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) like OpenAI-o1 have shown impressive capabilities in natural language reasoning. However, these models frequently demonstrate inefficiencies or inaccuracies when tackling complex mathematical operations. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Chengpeng Li , Zhengyang Tang , Ziniu Li , Mingfeng Xue , Keqin Bao , Tian Ding , Ruoyu Sun , Benyou Wang , Xiang Wang , Junyang Lin , Dayiheng Liu

This paper investigates the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) using 50 newly constructed high-school-level word problems. Unlike prior studies that focus solely on answer correctness, we rigorously analyze…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Johan Boye , Birger Moell

The recent advent of reasoning models like OpenAI's o1 was met with excited speculation by the AI community about the mechanisms underlying these capabilities in closed models, followed by a rush of replication efforts, particularly from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Brown Ebouky , Andrea Bartezzaghi , Mattia Rigotti

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable progress in mathematical reasoning, leveraging chain-of-thought and test-time compute scaling. However, many open questions remain regarding the interplay between reasoning token usage and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Marthe Ballon , Andres Algaba , Vincent Ginis

With the emergence of advanced reasoning models like OpenAI o3 and DeepSeek-R1, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities. However, their ability to perform rigorous logical reasoning remains an open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Hanmeng Liu , Zhizhang Fu , Mengru Ding , Ruoxi Ning , Chaoli Zhang , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang