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Recently, the large language model (LLM) community has shown increasing interest in enhancing LLMs' capability to handle extremely long documents. As various long-text techniques and model architectures emerge, the precise and detailed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Chonghua Wang , Haodong Duan , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Text-rich visual understanding-the ability to process environments where dense textual content is integrated with visuals-is crucial for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to interact effectively with structured environments. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Junpeng Liu , Tianyue Ou , Yifan Song , Yuxiao Qu , Wai Lam , Chenyan Xiong , Wenhu Chen , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

The rise of powerful multimodal LLMs has enhanced the viability of building web agents which can, with increasing levels of autonomy, assist users to retrieve information and complete tasks on various human-computer interfaces. It is hence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Maria Wang , Srinivas Sunkara , Gilles Baechler , Jason Lin , Yun Zhu , Fedir Zubach , Lei Shu , Jindong Chen

Long document question answering (DocQA) aims to answer questions from long documents over 10k words. They usually contain content structures such as sections, sub-sections, and paragraph demarcations. However, the indexing methods of long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Kuicai Dong , Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Yi Quan Lee , Hao Zhang , Xiangyang Li , Cong Zhang , Yong Liu

Most Reading Comprehension methods limit themselves to queries which can be answered using a single sentence, paragraph, or document. Enabling models to combine disjoint pieces of textual evidence would extend the scope of machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Johannes Welbl , Pontus Stenetorp , Sebastian Riedel

Two step document ranking, where the initial retrieval is done by a classical information retrieval method, followed by neural re-ranking model, is the new standard. The best performance is achieved by using transformer-based models as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ivan Sekulić , Amir Soleimani , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Tables are among the most widely used tools for representing structured data in research, business, medicine, and education. Although LLMs demonstrate strong performance in downstream tasks, their efficiency in processing tabular data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Ekaterina Borisova , Fabio Barth , Nils Feldhus , Raia Abu Ahmad , Malte Ostendorff , Pedro Ortiz Suarez , Georg Rehm , Sebastian Möller

Legal judgment prediction suffers from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents becomes a challenging task, more so on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufiq Dkaki

Existing multimodal browsing benchmarks often fail to require genuine multimodal reasoning, as many tasks can be solved with text-only heuristics without vision-in-the-loop verification. We introduce MMSearch-Plus, a 311-task benchmark that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xijia Tao , Yihua Teng , Xinxing Su , Xinyu Fu , Jihao Wu , Chaofan Tao , Ziru Liu , Haoli Bai , Rui Liu , Lingpeng Kong

Recent approaches in literature have exploited the multi-modal information in documents (text, layout, image) to serve specific downstream document tasks. However, they are limited by their - (i) inability to learn cross-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Subhojeet Pramanik , Shashank Mujumdar , Hima Patel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in tool use, yet progress in tool retrieval remains hindered by incomplete and heterogeneous tool documentation. To address this challenge, we introduce Tool-DE, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xuan Lu , Haohang Huang , Rui Meng , Yaohui Jin , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaoyu Shen

In this paper, we propose $FastDoc$ (Fast Continual Pre-training Technique using Document Level Metadata and Taxonomy), a novel, compute-efficient framework that utilizes Document metadata and Domain-Specific Taxonomy as supervision signals…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Abhilash Nandy , Manav Nitin Kapadnis , Sohan Patnaik , Yash Parag Butala , Pawan Goyal , Niloy Ganguly

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in Visually Rich Document Understanding (VRDU) tasks, but their capabilities are mainly evaluated on pristine, well-structured document images. We consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zichun Guo , Yuling Shi , Wenhao Zeng , Chao Hu , Haotian Lin , Terry Yue Zhuo , Jiawei Chen , Xiaodong Gu , Wenping Ma

The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has been accompanied by the development of various benchmarks to evaluate their capabilities. However, the true nature of these evaluations and the extent to which they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Botian Jiang , Lei Li , Xiaonan Li , Zhaowei Li , Xiachong Feng , Lingpeng Kong , Qi Liu , Xipeng Qiu

Understanding information from a collection of multiple documents, particularly those with visually rich elements, is important for document-grounded question answering. This paper introduces VisDoMBench, the first comprehensive benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Manan Suri , Puneet Mathur , Franck Dernoncourt , Kanika Goswami , Ryan A. Rossi , Dinesh Manocha

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in clinical diagnostics, a domain that inherently requires synthesizing complex visual and textual data alongside consulting authoritative medical literature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yannian Gu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Xizhuo Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang

We present a framework for question answering that can efficiently scale to longer documents while maintaining or even improving performance of state-of-the-art models. While most successful approaches for reading comprehension rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Eunsol Choi , Daniel Hewlett , Alexandre Lacoste , Illia Polosukhin , Jakob Uszkoreit , Jonathan Berant

Multimodal reasoning, which integrates language and visual cues into problem solving and decision making, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and a crucial step toward artificial general intelligence. However, the evaluation of…

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from significant performance degradation on the long document understanding task as document length increases. This stems from two fundamental challenges: 1) a low Signal-to-Noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Yan , Yuliang Liu , Xingchen Liu , Yuyi Zhang , Minghui Liao , Jihao Wu , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai

Multimodal document question answering requires retrieving dispersed evidence from visually rich long documents and performing reliable reasoning over heterogeneous information. Existing multimodal RAG systems remain limited by two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jiashu Yang , Chi Zhang , Abudukelimu Wuerkaixi , Xuxin Cheng , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Xu Jia , Xunliang Cai