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Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has attracted enormous attention due to its vast potential of mitigating the dependence on large labeled datasets. The latest methods (e.g., FixMatch) use a combination of consistency regularization and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yuhao Chen , Xin Tan , Borui Zhao , Zhaowei Chen , Renjie Song , Jiajun Liang , Xuequan Lu

This study discusses the effect of semi-supervised learning in combination with pretrained language models for data-to-text generation. It is not known whether semi-supervised learning is still helpful when a large-scale language model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Chris van der Lee , Thiago Castro Ferreira , Chris Emmery , Travis Wiltshire , Emiel Krahmer

This study introduces an ensemble framework for unstructured text categorization using large language models (LLMs). By integrating multiple models, the ensemble large language model (eLLM) framework addresses common weaknesses of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Ariel Kamen , Yakov Kamen

Efficiently processing and interpreting network data is critical for the operation of increasingly complex networks. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques have improved data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Amar Abane , Anis Bekri , Abdella Battou , Saddek Bensalem

In real-world applications, as data availability increases, obtaining labeled data for machine learning (ML) projects remains challenging due to the high costs and intensive efforts required for data annotation. Many ML projects,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ismail Hakki Karaman , Gulser Koksal , Levent Eriskin , Salih Salihoglu

A critical bottleneck in supervised machine learning is the need for large amounts of labeled data which is expensive and time consuming to obtain. However, it has been shown that a small amount of labeled data, while insufficient to…

Citation graphs are fundamental tools for modeling scientific structure, but are often fragmented due to missing citations of scientifically connected articles. To address this issue, we propose a computationally efficient hybrid framework…

The lack of labeled data is a common challenge in speech classification tasks, particularly those requiring extensive subjective assessment, such as cognitive state classification. In this work, we propose a Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Zixing Zhang , Jing Han , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

This paper introduces RankMatch, an innovative approach for Semi-Supervised Label Distribution Learning (SSLDL). Addressing the challenge of limited labeled data, RankMatch effectively utilizes a small number of labeled examples in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kouzhiqiang Yucheng Xie , Jing Wang , Yuheng Jia , Boyu Shi , Xin Geng

Unsupervised Person Re-identification (U-ReID) with pseudo labeling recently reaches a competitive performance compared to fully-supervised ReID methods based on modern clustering algorithms. However, such clustering-based scheme becomes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Xin Jin , Tianyu He , Xu Shen , Tongliang Liu , Xinchao Wang , Jianqiang Huang , Zhibo Chen , Xian-Sheng Hua

The high dimensional and semantically complex nature of textual Big data presents significant challenges for text clustering, which frequently lead to suboptimal groupings when using conventional techniques like k-means or hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Mohammad Wali Ur Rahman , Ric Nevarez , Lamia Tasnim Mim , Salim Hariri

Watermarking algorithms for Large Language Models (LLMs) effectively identify machine-generated content by embedding and detecting hidden statistical features in text. However, such embedding leads to a decline in text quality, especially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yu Zhang , Shuliang Liu , Xu Yang , Xuming Hu

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for boosting large language models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks, it often overlooks the crucial aspect of text chunking within its workflow. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jihao Zhao , Zhiyuan Ji , Yuchen Feng , Pengnian Qi , Simin Niu , Bo Tang , Feiyu Xiong , Zhiyu Li

Multi-task Learning (MTL) for classification with disjoint datasets aims to explore MTL when one task only has one labeled dataset. In existing methods, for each task, the unlabeled datasets are not fully exploited to facilitate this task.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Yan Hong , Li Niu , Jianfu Zhang , Liqing Zhang

Sentiment classification (SC) often suffers from low-resource challenges such as domain-specific contexts, imbalanced label distributions, and few-shot scenarios. The potential of the diffusion language model (LM) for textual data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhuowei Chen , Lianxi Wang , Yuben Wu , Xinfeng Liao , Yujia Tian , Junyang Zhong

In this paper, we investigate the challenges of complementary-label learning (CLL), a specialized form of weakly-supervised learning (WSL) where models are trained with labels indicating classes to which instances do not belong, rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tan-Ha Mai , Hsuan-Tien Lin

Classifying stars, galaxies, and quasars is essential for understanding cosmic structure and evolution; however, the vast data from modern surveys make manual classification impractical, while supervised learning methods remain constrained…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-09 Vahid Asadi , Hosein Haghi , Akram Hasani Zonoozi

Clustering using neural networks has recently demonstrated promising performance in machine learning and computer vision applications. However, the performance of current approaches is limited either by unsupervised learning or their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Ankita Shukla , Gullal Singh Cheema , Saket Anand

Safety for Large Language Models (LLMs) has been an ongoing research focus since their emergence and is even more relevant nowadays with the increasing capacity of those models. Currently, there are several guardrails in place for all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Eduard Stefan Dinuta , Iustin Sirbu , Traian Rebedea