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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse contexts to support decision-making. While existing evaluations effectively probe latent model capabilities, they often overlook the impact of context framing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Isaac Robinson , John Burden

The growing popularity of social deduction games has created an increasing need for intelligent frameworks where humans can collaborate with AI agents, particularly in post-pandemic contexts with heightened psychological and social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qihui Fan , Wenbo Li , Enfu Nan , Yixiao Chen , Lei Lu , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly employed for (interactive) decision-making, via the development of LLM-based autonomous agents. Despite their emerging successes, the performance of LLM agents in decision-making has not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chanwoo Park , Xiangyu Liu , Asuman Ozdaglar , Kaiqing Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications that demand complex reasoning. To track progress, robust benchmarks are required to evaluate their capabilities beyond superficial pattern recognition.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wenye Lin , Jonathan Roberts , Yunhan Yang , Samuel Albanie , Zongqing Lu , Kai Han

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), has opened exciting possibilities for constructing computational simulations designed to replicate human behavior accurately. Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amir Taubenfeld , Yaniv Dover , Roi Reichart , Ariel Goldstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used in real-world settings, yet their strategic decision-making abilities remain largely unexplored. To fully benefit from the potential of LLMs, it's essential to understand their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Nathan Herr , Fernando Acero , Roberta Raileanu , María Pérez-Ortiz , Zhibin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities across numerous domains, yet they often struggle with complex reasoning and decision-making tasks. Decision-making games, which inherently require multifaceted reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Haolin Wang , Xueyan Li , Yazhe Niu , Shuai Hu , Hongsheng Li

Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to a qualitative leap in artificial intelligence' s performance on reasoning tasks, particularly demonstrating remarkable capabilities in mathematical, symbolic, and commonsense…

Recent research looks to harness the general knowledge and reasoning of large language models (LLMs) into agents that accomplish user-specified goals in interactive environments. Vision-language models (VLMs) extend LLMs to multi-modal data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jake Grigsby , Yuke Zhu , Michael Ryoo , Juan Carlos Niebles

We introduce an approach to evaluate language model (LM) agency using negotiation games. This approach better reflects real-world use cases and addresses some of the shortcomings of alternative LM benchmarks. Negotiation games enable us to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tim R. Davidson , Veniamin Veselovsky , Martin Josifoski , Maxime Peyrard , Antoine Bosselut , Michal Kosinski , Robert West

The rise of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) signifies a paradigm shift toward advanced computational reasoning. Yet, this progress disrupts traditional agent frameworks, traditionally anchored by execution-oriented Large Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xueyang Zhou , Guiyao Tie , Guowen Zhang , Weidong Wang , Zhigang Zuo , Di Wu , Duanfeng Chu , Pan Zhou , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly applied to complex strategic environments that demand long-horizon reasoning, multi-agent interaction, and decision-making under uncertainty. However, common existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenjie Tang , Yuan Zhou , Erqiang Xu , Keyan Cheng , Minne Li , Liquan Xiao

Letting AI agents interact in multi-agent applications adds a layer of complexity to the interpretability and prediction of AI outcomes, with profound implications for their trustworthy adoption in research and society. Game theory offers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio , Alessandro Di Stefano , The-Anh Han , German Castignani , Pietro Liò

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems requiring strategic coordination. While recent work has analyzed LLM behavior in two-player games, coalition formation, where $n$ agents dynamically form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Dongxin Guo , Jikun Wu , Siu-Ming Yiu

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the current status and opportunities for Large Language Models (LLMs) in strategic reasoning, a sophisticated form of reasoning that necessitates understanding and predicting adversary actions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yadong Zhang , Shaoguang Mao , Tao Ge , Xun Wang , Adrian de Wynter , Yan Xia , Wenshan Wu , Ting Song , Man Lan , Furu Wei

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable few-shot performance on many natural language understanding tasks. Despite several demonstrations of using large language models in complex, strategic scenarios, there lacks a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Anthony Costarelli , Mat Allen , Roman Hauksson , Grace Sodunke , Suhas Hariharan , Carlson Cheng , Wenjie Li , Joshua Clymer , Arjun Yadav

This paper introduces a new paradigm for AI game programming, leveraging large language models (LLMs) to extend and operationalize Claude Shannon's taxonomy of game-playing machines. Central to this paradigm is Nemobot, an interactive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Chee Wei Tan , Yuchen Wang , Shangxin Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable capabilities across various tasks, showcasing complex problem-solving abilities. Understanding and executing complex rules, along with multi-step planning, are fundamental to logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiayi Gui , Yiming Liu , Jiale Cheng , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Hongning Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer