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This study aims to enhance the maintainability of code generated by Large Language Models (LLMs), with a focus on the Python programming language. As the use of LLMs for coding assistance grows, so do concerns about the maintainability of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Karthik Shivashankar , Antonio Martini

Code large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advances in code understanding, completion, and generation tasks. Programming benchmarks, comprised of a selection of code challenges and corresponding test cases, serve as a standard…

Large language models (LLMs) can generate code from natural language, but the extent to which they capture intended program behavior remains unclear. Executable behavioral specifications, defined via preconditions and postconditions,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Zaoyu Chen , Jianbo Dai , Boyu Zhu , Jingdong Wang , Huiming Wang , Xin Xu , Haoyang Yuan , Zhijiang Guo , Xiao-Ming Wu

Adversarial misuse, particularly through `jailbreaking' that circumvents a model's safety and ethical protocols, poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper delves into the mechanisms behind such successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Huijie Lv , Xiao Wang , Yuansen Zhang , Caishuang Huang , Shihan Dou , Junjie Ye , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) as coding agents promises to accelerate software development, but their impact on generated code reproducibility remains largely unexplored. This paper presents an empirical study investigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Bhanu Prakash Vangala , Ali Adibifar , Ashish Gehani , Tanu Malik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a popular choice for many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks due to their versatility and ability to produce high-quality results. Specifically, they are increasingly used for automatic code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Jessica López Espejel , Mahaman Sanoussi Yahaya Alassan , Merieme Bouhandi , Walid Dahhane , El Hassane Ettifouri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks, yet code generation remains a major challenge. Current approaches for obtaining high-quality code data primarily focus on (i) collecting large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yichuan Ma , Yunfan Shao , Peiji Li , Demin Song , Qipeng Guo , Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities for code generation. While existing benchmarks evaluate the correctness and efficiency of LLM-generated code, the potential linguistic bias - where code quality varies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Weipeng Jiang , Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Xiaoyu Zhang , Ziyan Lei , Chao Shen

Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 achieving impressive results in function-level code generation, they struggle with repository-scale code understanding (e.g., coming up with the right arguments for calling routines),…

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced significantly in code generation, yet their ability to follow complex programming instructions with layered and diverse constraints remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks often prioritize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Guoliang Duan , Mingwei Liu , Yanlin Wang , Chong Wang , Xin Peng , Zibin Zheng

Code reasoning tasks are becoming prevalent in large language model (LLM) assessments. Yet, there is a dearth of studies on the impact of real-world complexities on code reasoning, e.g., inter- or intra-procedural dependencies, API calls,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Changshu Liu , Alireza Ghazanfari , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods and metrics used to evaluate the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation tasks. With the rapid growth in demand for automated software development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Liguo Chen , Qi Guo , Hongrui Jia , Zhengran Zeng , Xin Wang , Yijiang Xu , Jian Wu , Yidong Wang , Qing Gao , Jindong Wang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable proficiency in code generation, with numerous prior studies showing their promising capabilities in various development scenarios. However, these studies mainly provide evaluations in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kailun Jin , Chung-Yu Wang , Hung Viet Pham , Hadi Hemmati

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation evolve rapidly through fine-tuning, merging, or new model releases. However, such updates can introduce regressions, not only in correctness but also in code quality and performance. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Altaf Allah Abbassi , Leuson Da Silva , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

Library migration is the process of replacing a library with a similar one in a software project. Manual library migration is time consuming and error prone, as it requires developers to understand the Application Programming Interfaces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Mohayeminul Islam , Ajay Kumar Jha , May Mahmoud , Sarah Nadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot have revolutionized automated code generation in software engineering. However, as these models are increasingly utilized for software development, concerns have arisen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Adrian Wood , Iqbal H. Sarker , Leandros Maglaras , Naeem Janjua

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to real-world code complexity is essential. Otherwise, there is a risk of overestimating LLMs' programming abilities based on simplistic benchmarks, only to be disappointed when using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yang Chen , Shuyang Liu , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

The latest paradigm shift in software development brings in the innovation and automation afforded by Large Language Models (LLMs), showcased by Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT), which has shown remarkable capacity to generate code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Xiaoyin Wang , Dakai Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in automated code translation. While prior work has focused on improving translation accuracy through advanced prompting and iterative repair, the reliability of the underlying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Fazle Rabbi , Soumit Kanti Saha , Jinqiu Yang

In this work, we make the first attempt to evaluate LLMs in a more challenging code generation scenario, i.e. class-level code generation. We first manually construct the first class-level code generation benchmark ClassEval of 100…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Xueying Du , Mingwei Liu , Kaixin Wang , Hanlin Wang , Junwei Liu , Yixuan Chen , Jiayi Feng , Chaofeng Sha , Xin Peng , Yiling Lou