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As deep neural network (DNN) models grow ever-larger, they can achieve higher accuracy and solve more complex problems. This trend has been enabled by an increase in available compute power; however, efforts to continue to scale electronic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Liane Bernstein , Alexander Sludds , Ryan Hamerly , Vivienne Sze , Joel Emer , Dirk Englund

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have been emerging as a high-throughput and energy-efficient hardware platform to perform all-optical machine learning (ML) in machine vision systems. However, the current demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ruiyang Chen , Yingheng Tang , Jianzhu Ma , Weilu Gao

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have demonstrated unparalleled energy efficiency and parallelism by processing information directly in the optical domain. However, their computational expressivity is constrained by static,…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-11 Ziang Yin , Qi Jing , Raktim Sarma , Rena Huang , Yu Yao , Jiaqi Gu

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have attracted lots of attention as they bring significant advantages in terms of power efficiency, parallelism, and computational speed compared with conventional deep neural networks (DNNs),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yingjie Li , Ruiyang Chen , Weilu Gao , Cunxi Yu

Edge intelligence is constrained by the energy and latency costs of shuttling data through electronic memory hierarchies. Optical systems offer a fundamentally different computational regime: once an input wavefront is launched into a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Prakul Sunil Hiremath

All-optical diffractive neural networks (DNNs) offer a promising alternative to electronics-based neural network processing due to their low latency, high throughput, and inherent spatial parallelism. However, the lack of reconfigurability…

Diffractive neural network (DNN), which can perform machine learning tasks based on the light propagation and diffraction, has recently emerged as a promising optical computing paradigm due to its high parallel processing speed and low…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yudong Tian , Haifeng Xu , Yuqing Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Jierong Cheng , Chongzhao Wu

Deep learning has triggered explosive growth in the demand for specialized hardware processors, thus motivating the development of scalable and reconfigurable computing substrates. Optical processors offer a fundamentally different…

Optical diffractive neural networks have triggered extensive research with their low power consumption and high speed in image processing. In this work, we propose a reconfigurable digital all-optical diffractive neural network (R-ODNN)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chu Wu , Jingyu Zhao , Qiaomu Hu , Rui Zeng , Minming Zhang

Recent advancements in optical computing have garnered considerable research interests owing to its ener-gy-efficient operation and ultralow latency characteristics. As an emerging framework in this domain, dif-fractive deep neural networks…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yudong Tian , Haifeng Xu , Yuqing Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Jingzhu Shao , Jierong Cheng , Chongzhao Wu

The escalating energy demands and parallel-processing bottlenecks of electronic neural networks underscore the need for alternative computing paradigms. Optical neural networks, capitalizing on the inherent parallelism and speed of light…

Optical neural networks (ONNs) are emerging as a promising neuromorphic computing paradigm for object recognition, offering unprecedented advantages in light-speed computation, ultra-low power consumption, and inherent parallelism. However,…

Optical neural networks (ONNs) perform extensive computations using photons instead of electrons, resulting in passively energy-efficient and low-latency computing. Among various ONNs, the diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs)…

All-optical and fully reconfigurable diffractive optical neural network (DONN) architectures are promising for high-throughput and energy-efficient machine learning (ML) hardware accelerators for broad applications. However, current device…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-05 Ruiyang Chen , Cunxi Yu , Weilu Gao

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have emerged as a promising optical hardware platform for ultra-fast and energy-efficient signal processing for machine learning tasks, particularly in computer vision. Previous experimental…

Optics · Physics 2024-05-27 Matthew J. Filipovich , Aleksei Malyshev , A. I. Lvovsky

Optical Diffraction Neural Networks (DNNs), a subset of Optical Neural Networks (ONNs), show promise in mirroring the prowess of electronic networks. This study introduces the Hybrid Diffraction Neural Network (HDNN), a novel architecture…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have substantial computational requirements, which greatly limit their performance in resource-constrained environments. Recently, there are increasing efforts on optical neural networks and optical computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Yingjie Li , Ruiyang Chen , Berardi Sensale Rodriguez , Weilu Gao , Cunxi Yu

Application-specific optical processors have been considered disruptive technologies for modern computing that can fundamentally accelerate the development of artificial intelligence (AI) by offering substantially improved computing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 Tiankuang Zhou , Xing Lin , Jiamin Wu , Yitong Chen , Hao Xie , Yipeng Li , Jintao Fan , Huaqiang Wu , Lu Fang , Qionghai Dai

Diffractive deep neural network (DNNet) is a novel machine learning framework on the modulation of optical transmission. Diffractive network would get predictions at the speed of light. It's pure passive architecture, no additional power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Yingshi Chen , Jinfeng Zhu

Free-space wavefront manipulation devices have emerged as powerful platforms for advanced optical information systems. In response to the challenges posed by the exponential growth of optical information, optical multiplexing and dynamic…

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