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Adaptive gradient methods have shown excellent performances for solving many machine learning problems. Although multiple adaptive gradient methods were recently studied, they mainly focus on either empirical or theoretical aspects and also…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-13 Feihu Huang , Junyi Li , Heng Huang

The insufficient generalization of adaptive moment estimation (Adam) has hindered its broader application. Recent studies have shown that flat minima in loss landscapes are highly associated with improved generalization. Inspired by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Long Jin , Han Nong , Liangming Chen , Zhenming Su

Adaptive optimization algorithms, such as Adam and RMSprop, have shown better optimization performance than stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in some scenarios. However, recent studies show that they often lead to worse generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Zijun Zhang , Lin Ma , Zongpeng Li , Chuan Wu

Modern optimizers such as AdamW, equipped with momentum and adaptive learning rate, are designed to escape local minima and explore the vast parameter space. This exploration is beneficial for finding good loss basins when training from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Junjiao Tian , Chengyue Huang , Zsolt Kira

Gradient-based first-order adaptive optimization methods such as the Adam optimizer are prevalent in training artificial networks, achieving the state-of-the-art results. This work attempts to answer the question whether it is viable for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Yukun Yang , Peng Li

Adam is a widely used optimizer in neural network training due to its adaptive learning rate. However, because different data samples influence model updates to varying degrees, treating them equally can lead to inefficient convergence. To…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-09 Gyu Yeol Kim , Min-hwan Oh

We propose a continuous-time scheme for large-scale optimization that introduces individual, adaptive momentum coefficients regulated by the kinetic energy of each model parameter. This approach automatically adjusts to local landscape…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Aikaterini Karoni , Rajit Rajpal , Benedict Leimkuhler , Gabriel Stoltz

In this paper, we investigate the convergence properties of a wide class of Adam-family methods for minimizing quadratically regularized nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems, especially in the context of training nonsmooth neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-16 Kuangyu Ding , Nachuan Xiao , Kim-Chuan Toh

One of the primary reasons behind the success of neural networks has been the emergence of an array of new, highly-successful optimizers, perhaps most importantly the Adam optimizer. It is widely used for training neural networks, yet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Benedikt Brantner

In neural network training, RMSProp and Adam remain widely favoured optimisation algorithms. One of the keys to their performance lies in selecting the correct step size, which can significantly influence their effectiveness. Additionally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Alokendu Mazumder , Rishabh Sabharwal , Manan Tayal , Bhartendu Kumar , Punit Rathore

In this research, we address critical concerns related to the numerical instability observed in 16-bit computations of machine learning models. Such instability, particularly when employing popular optimization algorithms like Adam, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Juyoung Yun

Here I present a small update to the bias-correction term in the Adam optimizer that has the advantage of making smaller gradient updates in the first several steps of training. With the default bias-correction, Adam may actually make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 John St John

In modern deep learning, the models are learned by applying gradient updates using an optimizer, which transforms the updates based on various statistics. Optimizers are often hand-designed and tuning their hyperparameters is a big part of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Gus Kristiansen , Mark Sandler , Andrey Zhmoginov , Nolan Miller , Anirudh Goyal , Jihwan Lee , Max Vladymyrov

The Adam optimizer, often used in Machine Learning for neural network training, corresponds to an underlying ordinary differential equation (ODE) in the limit of very small learning rates. This work shows that the classical Adam algorithm…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Abhinab Bhattacharjee , Andrey A. Popov , Arash Sarshar , Adrian Sandu

Machine learning algorithms aim to find patterns from observations, which may include some noise, especially in robotics domain. To perform well even with such noise, we expect them to be able to detect outliers and discard them when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Wendyam Eric Lionel Ilboudo , Taisuke Kobayashi , Kenji Sugimoto

Within the current sphere of deep learning research, despite the extensive application of optimization algorithms such as Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam), there remains a pronounced inadequacy in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhifeng Wang , Longlong Li , Chunyan Zeng

In practice, the hyperparameters $(\beta_1, \beta_2)$ and weight-decay $\lambda$ in AdamW are typically kept at fixed values. Is there any reason to do otherwise? We show that for large-scale language model training, the answer is yes: by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Damien Ferbach , Courtney Paquette , Gauthier Gidel , Katie Everett , Elliot Paquette

Normalization techniques are a boon for modern deep learning. They let weights converge more quickly with often better generalization performances. It has been argued that the normalization-induced scale invariance among the weights…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Byeongho Heo , Sanghyuk Chun , Seong Joon Oh , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun , Gyuwan Kim , Youngjung Uh , Jung-Woo Ha

Adam is a commonly used stochastic optimization algorithm in machine learning. However, its convergence is still not fully understood, especially in the non-convex setting. This paper focuses on exploring hyperparameter settings for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Meixuan He , Yuqing Liang , Jinlan Liu , Dongpo Xu

As optimizers are critical to the performances of neural networks, every year a large number of papers innovating on the subject are published. However, while most of these publications provide incremental improvements to existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Less Wright , Nestor Demeure
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