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Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are currently considered one of the main privacy attack strategies, and their defense mechanisms have also been extensively explored. However, there is still a gap between the existing defense approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xingli Fang , Jung-Eun Kim

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) on code completion models offer an effective way to assess privacy risks by inferring whether a given code snippet was part of the training data. Existing black- and gray-box MIAs rely on expensive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yuan Jiang , Zehao Li , Shan Huang , Christoph Treude , Xiaohong Su , Tiantian Wang

Determining whether a dataset was part of a machine learning model's training data pool can reveal privacy vulnerabilities, a challenge often addressed through membership inference attacks (MIAs). Traditional MIAs typically require access…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yongchao Huang

Machine Learning (ML) has made unprecedented progress in the past several decades. However, due to the memorability of the training data, ML is susceptible to various attacks, especially Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), the objective of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Shuhao Li , Yajie Wang , Yuanzhang Li , Yu-an Tan

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) infer whether a specific data record is used for target model training. MIAs have provoked many discussions in the information security community since they give rise to severe data privacy issues,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Yu Wang , Lifu Huang , Philip S. Yu , Lichao Sun

Membership inference attacks aim to detect if a particular data point was used in training a model. We design a novel statistical test to perform robust membership inference attacks (RMIA) with low computational overhead. We achieve this by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-13 Sajjad Zarifzadeh , Philippe Liu , Reza Shokri

This paper presents how to leak private information from a wireless signal classifier by launching an over-the-air membership inference attack (MIA). As machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to process wireless signals to make decisions…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-26 Yi Shi , Kemal Davaslioglu , Yalin E. Sagduyu

Machine learning models are prone to memorizing sensitive data, making them vulnerable to membership inference attacks in which an adversary aims to guess if an input sample was used to train the model. In this paper, we show that prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Liwei Song , Prateek Mittal

With the widespread application of large language models (LLM), concerns about the privacy leakage of model training data have increasingly become a focus. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have emerged as a critical tool for evaluating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zichen Song , Sitan Huang , Zhongfeng Kang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and Supervised Finetuning (SFT) have become the predominant paradigms for equipping Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge for diverse, knowledge-intensive tasks. However, while such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Haowei Fu , Bo Ni , Han Xu , Kunpeng Liu , Dan Lin , Tyler Derr

The pervasive deployment of deep learning models across critical domains has concurrently intensified privacy concerns due to their inherent propensity for data memorization. While Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) serve as the gold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chihan Huang , Huaijin Wang , Shuai Wang

The state-of-the-art for membership inference attacks on machine learning models is a class of attacks based on shadow models that mimic the behavior of the target model on subsets of held-out nonmember data. However, we find that this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pratiksha Thaker , Neil Kale , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Virginia Smith

In Embedding-as-an-Interface (EaaI) settings, pre-trained models are queried for Intermediate Representations (IRs). The distributional properties of IRs can leak training-set membership signals, enabling Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayang Meng , Tao Huang , Chen Hou , Guolong Zheng , Hong Chen

Among all privacy attacks against Machine Learning (ML), membership inference attacks (MIA) attracted the most attention. In these attacks, the attacker is given an ML model and a data point, and they must infer whether the data point was…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Bram van Dartel , Marc Damie , Florian Hahn

Membership inference attacks (MIA) try to detect if data samples were used to train a neural network model, e.g. to detect copyright abuses. We show that models with higher dimensional input and output are more vulnerable to MIA, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Avital Shafran , Shmuel Peleg , Yedid Hoshen

The data used to train deep neural network (DNN) models in applications such as healthcare and finance typically contain sensitive information. A DNN model may suffer from overfitting. Overfitted models have been shown to be susceptible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Arezoo Rajabi , Dinuka Sahabandu , Luyao Niu , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran

Determining which data samples were used to train a model, known as Membership Inference Attack (MIA), is a well-studied and important problem with implications on data privacy. SotA methods (which are black-box attacks) rely on training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuval Golbari , Navve Wasserman , Gal Vardi , Michal Irani

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have emerged as a principled framework for auditing the privacy of synthetic data generated by tabular generative models, where many diverse methods have been proposed that each exploit different privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Joshua Ward , Yuxuan Yang , Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Recent Deep Learning (DL) advancements in solving complex real-world tasks have led to its widespread adoption in practical applications. However, this opportunity comes with significant underlying risks, as many of these models rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Shubhi Shukla , Manaar Alam , Sarani Bhattacharya , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay , Pabitra Mitra

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to memorizing training data, which poses serious privacy risks. Two of the most prominent concerns are training data extraction and Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs). Prior research has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Al Sahili , Ali Chehab , Razane Tajeddine
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