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The discovery of an ever increasing family of atomic layered magnetic materials, together with the already established vast catalogue of strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and topological systems, calls for some guiding principles to tailor…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-10-13 Hidekazu Kurebayashi , Jose H. Garcia , Safe Khan , Jairo Sinova , Stephan Roche

The phenomenon originating from spin-orbit coupling (SOC) provides energy-efficient strategies for spin manipulation and device applications. The broken inversion symmetry interface and resulting electric field induce a Rashba-type…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-07-12 Xinhe Wang , Wei Yang , Wang Yang , Yuan Cao , Xiaoyang Lin , Guodong Wei , Haichang Lu , Peizhe Tang , Weisheng Zhao

Spin-orbit torque in heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures with broken spatial inversion symmetry provides an efficient mechanism for manipulating magnetization using a charge current. Here, we report the presence of a spin torque in a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Ziyan Luo , Qi Zhang , Yanjun Xu , Yumeng Yang , Xinhai Zhang , Yihong Wu

For energy efficient and fast magnetic memories, switching of perpendicular magnetization by the spin-orbit torque (SOT) appears as a very promising solution, even more using magnetic insulators that suppress electrical shunting. This SOT…

The discovery of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) generated through the spin Hall or Rashba effects provides an alternative write approach for magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), igniting the development of spin-orbitronics in recent years.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-01-09 Hanying Zhang , Qianwen Zhao , Baiqing Jiang , Yuan Wang , Tunan Xie , Kaihua Lou , ChaoChao Xia , C. Bi

Spin Orbit Torque-Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) is being developed as a successor to the Spin transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) owing to its superior performance on the metrics of reliability and read-write speed. SOT switching of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-31 Akanksha Chouhan , Heston A. Mendonca , Abhishek Erram , Ashwin A. Tulapurkar

Electrical control of the non-trivial topology in Weyl antiferromagnet is of great interests to develop next-generation spintronic devices. Recent works suggest that spin Hall effect can switch the topological antiferromagnetic order.…

Spin-orbit-torque (SOT) induced magnetization switching in Co/Pt/Co trilayer, with two Co layers exhibiting magnetization easy axes orthogonal to each other is investigated. Pt layer is used as a source of spin-polarized current as it is…

Harmonic Hall measurements were performed on a series of ferromagnetic metal/heavy metal (FM/HM) bilayers consisting of Permalloy (Py) as the FM and beta-Tungsten (W) as the HM, and the efficiencies of the two orthogonal components of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Abu Bakkar Miah , Dhananjaya Mahapatra , Soumik Aon , Harekrishna Bhunia , Partha Mitra

It has been demonstrated that the switching of perpendicular magnetization can be achieved with spin orbit torque (SOT) at an ultrafast speed and low energy consumption. However, to make the switching deterministic, an undesirable magnetic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Zhaohao Wang , Zuwei Li , Min Wang , Bi Wu , Daoqian Zhu , Weisheng Zhao

Recent discoveries regarding current-induced spin-orbit torques produced by heavy-metal/ferromagnet and topological-insulator/ferromagnet bilayers provide the potential for dramatically-improved efficiency in the manipulation of magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-11-08 D. MacNeill , G. M. Stiehl , M. H. D. Guimaraes , R. A. Buhrman , J. Park , D. C. Ralph

The spin Hall effect (SHE) generates spin currents within nonmagnetic materials. Previously, studies of the SHE have been motivated primarily to understand its fundamental origin and magnitude. Here we demonstrate, using measurement and…

Materials Science · Physics 2013-05-30 Luqiao Liu , O. J. Lee , T. J. Gudmundsen , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman

We use a pure spin current originating from the spin Hall effect to generate a spin-orbit torque (SOT) strongly reducing the effective damping in an adjacent ferromagnet. Due to additional microwave excitation, large spin-wave amplitudes…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-07 Toni Hache , Lukas Koerber , Tobias Hula , Kilian Lenz , Attila Kakay , Olav Hellwig , Juergen Lindner , Juergen Fassbender , Helmut Schultheiss

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are widely used to control magnetization in nanoscale electric systems and are typically assumed to drive skyrmion nucleation and motion in a deterministic manner, especially in materials with strong…

Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) couples charge and spin transport, enabling electrical control of magnetization. A quintessential example of SOI-induced transport is the anomalous Hall effect (AHE), first observed in 1880, in which an electric…

To efficiently manipulate magnetism is a key physical issue for modern condensed matter physics, which is also crucial for magnetic functional applications. Most previous relevant studies rely on the tuning of spin texture, while the spin…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-11-04 Yakui Weng , Xing'ao Li , Shuai Dong

The effect of spin currents on the magnetic order of insulating antiferromagnets (AFMs) is of fundamental interest and can enable new applications. Toward this goal, characterizing the spin-orbit torques (SOT) associated with AFM/heavy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-22 Egecan Cogulu , Hantao Zhang , Nahuel N. Statuto , Yang Cheng , Fengyuan Yang , Ran Cheng , Andrew D. Kent

Reliable and energy efficient magnetization switching by electrically-induced spin-orbit torques is of crucial technological relevance for spintronic devices implementing memory and logic functionality. Here we predict that the strength of…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-11-15 Jan-Philipp Hanke , Frank Freimuth , Chengwang Niu , Stefan Blügel , Yuriy Mokrousov

Using the linear response formalism for the spin-orbit torque (SOT) we compute from first principles the SOT in a system of two layers of L1$_0$-FePt(001) deposited on an fcc Pt(001) substrate of varying thickness. We find that at room…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-22 Guillaume Géranton , Frank Freimuth , Stefan Blügel , Yuriy Mokrousov

We report a giant spin Hall effect (SHE) in {\beta}-W thin films. Using spin torque induced ferromagnetic resonance with a {\beta}-W/CoFeB bilayer microstrip we determine the spin Hall angle to be |\theta|=0.30\pm0.02, large enough for an…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-11 Chi-Feng Pai , Luqiao Liu , Y. Li , H. W. Tseng , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman