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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices remains challenging due to their quadratically increasing computations with the sequence length. Existing studies for dynamic attention pruning are designed for hardware with massively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Jiawen Qi , Chang Gao , Zhaochun Ren , Qinyu Chen

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have made a significant impact on various domains. However, LLMs' efficiency suffers from both heavy computation and memory overheads. Compression techniques like sparsification and…

Deploying large language model (LLM) inference at scale requires jointly selecting base models, provisioning heterogeneous GPUs, configuring parallelism, and distributing workloads under tight latency, accuracy, and budget constraints.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiaming Cheng , Duong Tung Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) and other large foundation models have achieved noteworthy success, but their size exacerbates existing resource consumption and latency challenges. In particular, the large-scale deployment of these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Banghua Zhu , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Clark Barrett , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

A large language model (LLM) is one of the most important emerging machine learning applications nowadays. However, due to its huge model size and runtime increase of the memory footprint, LLM inferences suffer from the lack of memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Soojin Hwang , Jungwoo Kim , Sanghyeon Lee , Hongbeen Kim , Jaehyuk Huh

Large language models (LLMs), based on transformer architectures, have revolutionized numerous domains within artificial intelligence, science, and engineering due to their exceptional scalability and adaptability. However, the exponential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Wenzhe Guo , Joyjit Kundu , Uras Tos , Weijiang Kong , Giuliano Sisto , Timon Evenblij , Manu Perumkunnil

Large language model (LLM) applications are blindfolded to the infrastructure underneath and generate tokens autoregressively, indifferent to the system load, thus risking inferencing latency inflation and poor user experience. Our…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Tella Rajashekhar Reddy , Atharva Deshmukh , Karan Tandon , Rohan Gandhi , Anjaly Parayil , Debopam Bhattacherjee

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the high power consumption of AI accelerators in datacenters presents significant challenges, substantially increasing the total cost of ownership (TCO) for cloud service providers (CSPs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiwoo Kim , Joonhyung Lee , Gunho Park , Byeongwook Kim , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee , Youngjoo Lee

Large language models have become central to many AI applications, but their growing energy consumption raises serious sustainability concerns. A key limitation in current AI deployments is the reliance on a one-size-fits-all inference…

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

This paper investigates the optimal allocation of large language model (LLM) inference workloads across heterogeneous edge data centers over time. Each data center features on-site renewable generation and faces dynamic electricity prices…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiaming Cheng , Duong Tung Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied but face challenges in efficient inference. While quantization methods reduce computational demands, ultra-low bit quantization with arbitrary precision is hindered by limited GPU Tensor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

In the realm of Large Language Model (LLM) inference, the inherent structure of transformer models coupled with the multi-GPU tensor parallelism strategy leads to a sequential execution of computation and communication. This results in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Bin Xiao , Lei Su

The rapid growth of generative AI and its integration into everyday workflows have significantly increased the demand for large language model (LLM) inference services. While proprietary models remain popular, recent advancements in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Linyu Wu , Xiaoyuan Liu , Tianneng Shi , Zhe Ye , Dawn Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on autoregressive, decoder-only Transformers generate text one token at a time, where a token represents a discrete unit of text. As each newly produced token is appended to the partial output sequence,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Dimitrios Kafetzis , Ramin Khalili , Iordanis Koutsopoulos

This paper introduces SpeedLLM, a neural network accelerator designed on the Xilinx Alevo U280 platform and optimized for the Tinyllama framework to enhance edge computing performance. Key innovations include data stream parallelism, a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Peipei Wang , Wu Guan , Liping Liang , Zhijun Wang , Hanqing Luo , Zhibin Zhang

Large language model (LLM) inference has been a prevalent demand in daily life and industries. The large tensor sizes and computing complexities in LLMs have brought challenges to memory, computing, and databus. This paper proposes a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yimin Wang , Yue Jiet Chong , Xuanyao Fong

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain traction, their reliance on power-hungry GPUs places ever-increasing energy demands, raising environmental and monetary concerns. Inference dominates LLM workloads, presenting a critical challenge for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Andreas Kosmas Kakolyris , Dimosthenis Masouros , Petros Vavaroutsos , Sotirios Xydis , Dimitrios Soudris

With the rapid development of multi-cloud environments, it is increasingly important to ensure the security and reliability of intelligent monitoring systems. In this paper, we propose an anomaly detection and early warning mechanism for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yihong Jin , Ze Yang , Juntian Liu , Xinhe Xu