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StarCraft II is a challenging benchmark for AI agents due to the necessity of both precise micro level operations and strategic macro awareness. Previous works, such as Alphastar and SCC, achieve impressive performance on tackling StarCraft…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Weiyu Ma , Qirui Mi , Yongcheng Zeng , Xue Yan , Yuqiao Wu , Runji Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown strong reasoning and generalization capabilities, motivating their use as decision-making policies in complex environments. StarCraft II (SC2), with its massive state-action space and partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yixin Zhang , Ziyi Wang , Yiming Rong , Haoxi Wang , Jinling Jiang , Shuang Xu , Haoran Wu , Shiyu Zhou , Bo Xu

We present Adaptive Command, a novel framework integrating large language models (LLMs) with behavior trees for real-time strategic decision-making in StarCraft II. Our system focuses on enhancing human-AI collaboration in complex, dynamic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Weiyu Ma , Dongyu Xu , Shu Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) in complex decision-making is essential for advancing AI's ability for strategic planning and real-time adaptation. However, existing benchmarks for tasks like StarCraft II fail to capture the game's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Pengbo Shen , Yaqing Wang , Ni Mu , Yao Luan , Runpeng Xie , Senhao Yang , Lexiang Wang , Hao Hu , Shuang Xu , Yiqin Yang , Bo Xu

Since the emergence of the Large Language Model (LLM), LLM has been widely used in fields such as writing, translating, and searching. However, there is still great potential for LLM-based methods in handling complex tasks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zongyuan Li , Chang Lu , Xiaojie Xu , Runnan Qi , Yanan Ni , Lumin Jiang , Xiangbei Liu , Xuebo Zhang , Yongchun Fang , Kuihua Huang , Xian Guo

Benchmarks are crucial for assessing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms. While StarCraft II-related environments have driven significant advances in MARL, existing benchmarks like SMAC focus primarily on micromanagement,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xingxing Hong , Yungong Wang , Dexin Jin , Ye Yuan , Ximing Huang , Zijian Wu , Wenxin Li

This paper introduces SC2LE (StarCraft II Learning Environment), a reinforcement learning environment based on the StarCraft II game. This domain poses a new grand challenge for reinforcement learning, representing a more difficult class of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive action sequence prediction capabilities but often struggle with dynamic, long-horizon tasks such as real-time strategic games. In a game such as StarCraftII (SC2), agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Daechul Ahn , San Kim , Jonghyun Choi

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant accomplishments in various exploratory tasks, even surpassing the performance of traditional reinforcement learning-based methods that have historically dominated the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Xiao Shao , Weifu Jiang , Fei Zuo , Mengqing Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide array of tasks. Due to the impressive planning and reasoning abilities of LLMs, they have been used as autonomous agents to do many tasks automatically. Recently,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Taicheng Guo , Xiuying Chen , Yaqi Wang , Ruidi Chang , Shichao Pei , Nitesh V. Chawla , Olaf Wiest , Xiangliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in decision-making due to the vast amount of knowledge stored within the models. However, these pre-trained models are prone to lack reasoning abilities and are difficult to adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wei Chen , Jiahao Zhang , Haipeng Zhu , Boyan Xu , Zhifeng Hao , Keli Zhang , Junjian Ye , Ruichu Cai

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional potential in complex reasoning,pioneering a new paradigm for autonomous agent decision making in dynamic settings. However, in Real-Time Strategy (RTS) scenarios, LLMs suffer from a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Li Ma , Hao Peng , Yiming Wang , Hongbin Luo , Jie Liu , Kongjing Gu , Guanlin Wu , Hui Lin , Lei Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold the potential to perform a variety of text processing tasks and provide textual explanations for proposed actions or decisions. In the era of hybrid work, LLMs can provide intelligent decision support for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Yujin Kim , Chin-Chia Hsu

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

This paper investigates the rationality of large language models (LLMs) in strategic decision-making contexts, specifically within the framework of game theory. We evaluate several state-of-the-art LLMs across a spectrum of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Wenyue Hua , Ollie Liu , Lingyao Li , Alfonso Amayuelas , Julie Chen , Lucas Jiang , Mingyu Jin , Lizhou Fan , Fei Sun , William Wang , Xintong Wang , Yongfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing, demonstrating exceptional reasoning, tool usage, and memory capabilities. As their applications expand into multi-agent environments, there arises a need…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Lin Xu , Zhiyuan Hu , Daquan Zhou , Hongyu Ren , Zhen Dong , Kurt Keutzer , See Kiong Ng , Jiashi Feng

In the last few years, deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) has become a highly active area of research. A particularly challenging class of problems in this area is partially observable, cooperative, multi-agent learning, in which…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven their worth across a diverse spectrum of disciplines. LLMs have shown great potential in Procedural Content Generation (PCG) as well, but directly generating a level through a pre-trained LLM is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Muhammad U. Nasir , Steven James , Julian Togelius
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