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For systems consisting of distinguishable particles, there exists an agreed upon notion of entanglement which is fundamentally based on the possibility of addressing individually each one of the constituent parties. Instead, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-24 F. Benatti , R. Floreanini , F. Franchini , U. Marzolino

Relativistic Hamiltonian equations describing a motion of a point mass in an arbitrary homogeneous potential are considered. For the first time, the necessary integrability conditions for integrability in the Liouville sense for this class…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 Maria Przybylska , Wojciech Szumiński , Andrzej J. Maciejewski

We perform analytical and quantitative analysis of the motion of a non-integrable pendulum with two degrees of freedom, in which an integrable nonlinear pendulum and a harmonic oscillator are weakly coupled through a non-integrable…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-30 Kosuke Asano , Kenichi Noba , Tomio Petrosky

The basic concepts of classical mechanics are given in the operator form. Then, the hybrid systems approach, with the operator formulation of both quantum and classical sector, is applied to the case of an ideal nonselective measurement. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Prvanovic , Z. Maric , Belgrade , Serbia

We reduce the question whether a given quantum mixed state is separable or entangled to the problem of existence of a certain full family of commuting normal matrices whose matrix elements are partially determined by components of the pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jan Samsonowicz , Marek Kus , Maciej Lewenstein

A necessary and sufficient condition for characterization and quantification of entanglement of any bipartite Gaussian state belonging to a special symmetry class is given in terms of classicality measures of one-party states. For Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. C. de Oliveira

Classical relativistic system of point particles coupled with an electromagnetic field is considered in the three-dimensional representation. The gauge freedom connected with the chronometrical invariance of the four-dimensional description…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. Tretyak , A. Nazarenko

We propose the Wigner separability entropy as a measure of complexity of a quantum state. This quantity measures the number of terms that effectively contribute to the Schmidt decomposition of the Wigner function with respect to a chosen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-23 Giuliano Benenti , Gabriel G. Carlo , Tomaz Prosen

The optimal lower or upper bounds for sums of the first $m$ eigenvalues of Sturm-Liouville operators can be obtained by solving the corresponding critical systems, which are Hamiltonian systems of $m$ degrees of freedom with $m$ parameters.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Yuzhou Tian , Meirong Zhang

Quantum entanglement relies on the fact that pure quantum states are dispersive and often inseparable. Since pure classical states are dispersion-free they are always separable and cannot be entangled. However, entanglement is possible for…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2012-11-27 Peter beim Graben , Thomas Filk , Harald Atmanspacher

Two or more quantum systems are said to be in an entangled or non-factorisable state if their joint (supposedly pure) wave-function is not expressible as a product of individual wave functions but is instead a superposition of product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Thomas Durt

In this article, it is suggested that a pedagogical point of departure in the teaching of classical mechanics is the Liouville theorem. The theorem is interpreted to define the condition that describe the conservation of information in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-14 Andreas Henriksson

It is shown that, by appropriately defining the eigenfunctions of a function defined on the extended phase space, the Liouville theorem on solutions of the Hamilton--Jacobi equation can be formulated as the problem of finding common…

Classical Physics · Physics 2015-03-25 G. F. Torres del Castillo

In this study the notion of particular integrability in Classical Mechanics, introduced in [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46 025203, 2013], is revisited within the formalism of symplectic geometry. A particular integral $\cal I$ is a function…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 A. M. Escobar-Ruiz , R. Azuaje

We review some essential aspects of classically integrable systems. The detailed outline of the lectures consists of: 1. Introduction and motivation, with historical remarks; 2. Liouville theorem and action-angle variables, with examples…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-28 Alessandro Torrielli

Although the foundations of quantum and classical physics are much different, it is often difficult to pinpoint which features of a particular system are intrinsically "quantum". Perhapse, the most clear-cut distinction between "classical"…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-05 Piotr Szańkowski

An explanation of the mechanism of irreversible dynamics was offered. The explanation was obtained within the framework of laws of classical mechanics by the expansion of Hamilton formalism. Such expansion consisted in adaptation of it to…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. M. Somsikov

We show that a quantum subsystem can become significantly entangled with a classical background through a process with little or none semi-classical back-reactions. We study two quantum harmonic oscillators coupled to each other in a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-07-19 I-Sheng Yang

There are two classes of quantum integrable systems on a manifold with quadratic integrals, the Liouville and the Lie integrable systems as it happens in the classical case. The quantum Liouville quadratic integrable systems are defined on…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 C. Daskaloyannis And Y. Tanoudes

The classical invariants of a Hamiltonian system are expected to be derivable from the respective quantum spectrum. In fact, semiclassical expressions relate periodic orbits with eigenfunctions and eigenenergies of classical chaotic…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-10-31 Diego. A. Wisniacki , Eduardo Vergini