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Offensive security is one of the state of the art measures to protect enterprises and organizations. Penetration testing, broadly called pentesting, is a branch of offensive security designed to find, rate and exploit these vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jacobo Casado de Gracia , Alfonso Sánchez-Macián

Recently, Large Language Model (LLM)-empowered recommender systems (RecSys) have brought significant advances in personalized user experience and have attracted considerable attention. Despite the impressive progress, the research question…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Liang-bo Ning , Shijie Wang , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li , Xin Xu , Hao Chen , Feiran Huang

A recent area of increasing research is the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in penetration testing, which promises to reduce costs and thus allow for higher frequency. We conduct a review of related work, identifying best practices and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Julius Henke

While penetration testing plays a vital role in cybersecurity, achieving fully automated, hands-off-the-keyboard execution remains a significant research challenge. In this paper, we introduce the "Planner-Executor-Perceptor (PEP)" design…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Lingzhi Wang , Xinyi Shi , Ziyu Li , Yi Jiang , Shiyu Tan , Yuhao Jiang , Junjie Cheng , Wenyuan Chen , Xiangmin Shen , Zhenyuan LI , Yan Chen

With the rapid advancement of information technology, the complexity of applications continues to increase, and the cybersecurity challenges we face are also escalating. This paper aims to investigate the methods and practices of system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Chunyi Zhang , Jin Zeng , Xiaoqi Li

As LLM-based agents become increasingly prevalent, backdoors can be implanted into agents through user queries or environment feedback, raising critical concerns regarding safety vulnerabilities. However, backdoor attacks are typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Pengyu Zhu , Zhenhong Zhou , Yuanhe Zhang , Shilinlu Yan , Kun Wang , Sen Su

As the frequency of cyber threats increases, conventional penetration testing is failing to capture the entirety of todays complex environments. To solve this problem, we propose the Vulnerability Mitigation System (VMS), a novel agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Farzana Abdulzada

Penetration testing refers to the process of simulating hacker attacks to evaluate the security of information systems . This study aims not only to clarify the theoretical foundations of penetration testing but also to explain and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Wei Zhang , Ju Xing , Xiaoqi Li

Penetration Testing is a methodology for assessing network security, by generating and executing possible attacks. Doing so automatically allows for regular and systematic testing. A key question then is how to automatically generate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-31 Carlos Sarraute

Automated penetration testing (AutoPT) powered by large language models (LLMs) has gained attention for its ability to automate ethical hacking processes and identify vulnerabilities in target systems by leveraging the inherent knowledge of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Hanzheng Dai , Yuanliang Li , Jun Yan , Zhibo Zhang

Large language models (LLM) are perceived to offer promising potentials for automating security tasks, such as those found in security operation centers (SOCs). As a first step towards evaluating this perceived potential, we investigate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Kumar Shashwat , Francis Hahn , Xinming Ou , Dmitry Goldgof , Lawrence Hall , Jay Ligatti , S. Raj Rajgopalan , Armin Ziaie Tabari

Large Language Models (LLMs) are redefining offensive cybersecurity by allowing the generation of harmful machine code with minimal human intervention. While attackers take advantage of dark LLMs such as XXXGPT and WolfGPT to produce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ricardo Bessa , Rui Claro , João Trindade , João Lourenço

We present RapidPen, a fully automated penetration testing (pentesting) framework that addresses the challenge of achieving an initial foothold (IP-to-Shell) without human intervention. Unlike prior approaches that focus primarily on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sho Nakatani

With the prosperity of large language models (LLMs), powerful LLM-based intelligent agents have been developed to provide customized services with a set of user-defined tools. State-of-the-art methods for constructing LLM agents adopt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yifei Wang , Dizhan Xue , Shengjie Zhang , Shengsheng Qian

Cyber threats are rapidly increasing, expanding their impact from large-scale enterprises to government services and individual users, making robust security systems increasingly essential. However, a significant shortage of skilled…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yasod Ginige , Pasindu Marasinghe , Sajal Jain , Suranga Seneviratne

This paper presents a critical examination of the surprising efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in penetration testing. The paper thoroughly reviews the evolution of LLMs and their rapidly expanding capabilities which render them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Andreas Happe , Jürgen Cito

Penetration testing is an essential means of proactive defense in the face of escalating cybersecurity incidents. Traditional manual penetration testing methods are time-consuming, resource-intensive, and prone to human errors. Current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yunfei Ge , Quanyan Zhu

Penetration Testing plays a critical role in evaluating the security of a target network by emulating real active adversaries. Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is seen as a promising solution to automating the process of penetration tests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yizhou Yang , Xin Liu

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven interest in automating cybersecurity penetration testing workflows, offering the promise of faster and more consistent vulnerability assessment for enterprise systems. Existing LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Katsuaki Nakano , Reza Fayyazi , Shanchieh Jay Yang , Michael Zuzak

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in highly specialized vertical domains, the evaluation of their domain-specific performance becomes critical. However, existing evaluations for vertical domains typically rely on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wanying Wang , Zeyu Ma , Xuhong Wang , Yangchun Zhang , Pengfei Liu , Mingang Chen