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Translating Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) remains a critical bottleneck for democratization of data in enterprises. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) like Gemini 2.5 and other LLMs have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Anshul Solanki , Sanchit Latawa , Koushik Chakraborty , Navneet Kamboj

Enterprise software development is a continuous evolutionary process, characterized by incremental additions, architectural revisions, production deployments and rigorous maintenance. These activities generate valuable data that modern LLMs…

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the performance of seven different Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving a diverse set of math advanced calculus problems. The study aims to evaluate these models' accuracy, reliability, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 In Hak Moon

Recent advances in instruction-tuned Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have imbued the models with the ability to generate high-level, image-grounded explanations with ease. While such capability is largely attributed to the rich world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Jeonghwan Kim , Heng Ji

Despite their success at many natural language processing (NLP) tasks, large language models still struggle to effectively leverage knowledge for knowledge-intensive tasks, manifesting limitations such as generating incomplete, non-factual,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yougang Lyu , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Haibo Shi , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

The rapid emergence of large language models (LLMs) has raised urgent questions across the modern workforce about this new technology's strengths, weaknesses, and capabilities. For privacy professionals, the question is whether these AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Zane Witherspoon , Thet Mon Aye , YingYing Hao

Instruction Tuning (IT), the process of training large language models (LLMs) using instruction-response pairs, has emerged as the predominant method for transforming base pre-trained LLMs into open-domain conversational agents. While IT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Sreyan Ghosh , Chandra Kiran Reddy Evuru , Sonal Kumar , Ramaneswaran S , Deepali Aneja , Zeyu Jin , Ramani Duraiswami , Dinesh Manocha

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional multitasking abilities, fine-tuning these models on downstream, domain-specific datasets is often necessary to yield superior performance on test sets compared to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Haoran Yang , Yumeng Zhang , Jiaqi Xu , Hongyuan Lu , Pheng Ann Heng , Wai Lam

LLM developers have imposed technical interventions to prevent fine-tuning misuse attacks, attacks where adversaries evade safeguards by fine-tuning the model using a public API. Previous work has established several successful attacks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xander Davies , Eric Winsor , Alexandra Souly , Tomek Korbak , Robert Kirk , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Yarin Gal

The recent swift development of LLMs like GPT-4, Gemini, and GPT-3.5 offers a transformative opportunity in medicine and healthcare, especially in digital diagnostics. This study evaluates each model diagnostic abilities by interpreting a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Gaurav Kumar Gupta , Aditi Singh , Sijo Valayakkad Manikandan , Abul Ehtesham

Cybersecurity education is challenging and it is helpful for educators to understand Large Language Models' (LLMs') capabilities for supporting education. This study evaluates the effectiveness of LLMs in conducting a variety of penetration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Martin Nizon-Deladoeuille , Brynjólfur Stefánsson , Helmut Neukirchen , Thomas Welsh

The surge of interest towards Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), e.g., GPT-4V(ision) from OpenAI, has marked a significant trend in both academia and industry. They endow Large Language Models (LLMs) with powerful capabilities in…

In this paper, we assess the visualization literacy of two prominent Large Language Models (LLMs): OpenAI's Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT), the backend of ChatGPT, and Google's Gemini, previously known as Bard, to establish…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jiayi Hong , Christian Seto , Arlen Fan , Ross Maciejewski

Scientific discovery is an inherently creative and uncertain process, requiring reasoning beyond the recall of known knowledge. While many benchmarks have been proposed to evaluate large language model (LLM) performance on deep research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 A. J. Lew , Y. Cao , M. J. Buehler

Large language models (LLMs) acquire substantial world knowledge during pre-training, which is further shaped by post-training techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, the impact of SFT on a model's knowledge remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Junjie Ye , Yuming Yang , Yang Nan , Shuo Li , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan

Frontier Large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Gemini can decipher cryptic compiler errors for novice programmers, but their computational scale, cost, and tendency to over-assist make them problematic for widespread pedagogical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Lorenzo Lee Solano , Charles Koutcheme , Juho Leinonen , Alexandra Vassar , Jake Renzella

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in transforming machine learning research, yet their capability to faithfully implement novel ideas from recent research papers-ideas unseen during pretraining-remains unclear. We introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tianyu Hua , Harper Hua , Violet Xiang , Benjamin Klieger , Sang T. Truong , Weixin Liang , Fan-Yun Sun , Nick Haber

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold the potential to revolutionize autoformalization. The introduction of Lean4, a mathematical programming language, presents an unprecedented opportunity to rigorously assess the autoformalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Aryan Gulati , Devanshu Ladsaria , Shubhra Mishra , Jasdeep Sidhu , Brando Miranda

Providing effective feedback is important for student learning in programming problem-solving. In this sense, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as potential tools to automate feedback generation. However, their reliability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Priscylla Silva , Evandro Costa

Context: The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant interest in leveraging their capabilities for automating code review processes. Prior studies often focus on developing LLMs for code review automation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Chanathip Pornprasit , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn