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This work presents an analytical framework for the design and analysis of LLM-based algorithms, i.e., algorithms that contain one or multiple calls of large language models (LLMs) as sub-routines and critically rely on the capabilities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yanxi Chen , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding , Jingren Zhou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong capabilities but remain limited to fixed modality pairs and require costly fine-tuning with large aligned datasets. Building fully omni-capable models that can integrate text,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Huawei Lin , Yunzhi Shi , Tong Geng , Weijie Zhao , Wei Wang , Ravender Pal Singh

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have emerged as a new paradigm that extends LLMs' capabilities beyond text generation to dynamic interaction with external environments. By integrating reasoning with perception, memory, and tool use,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Minxing Zhang , Yi Yang , Roy Xie , Bhuwan Dhingra , Shuyan Zhou , Jian Pei

Autonomous agents operating on the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of various applications hold immense practical value. Unlike the large language model (LLM)-based methods which rely on structured texts and customized backends, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Xuetian Chen , Hangcheng Li , Jiaqing Liang , Sihang Jiang , Deqing Yang

The development of AI agents based on large, open-domain language models (LLMs) has paved the way for the development of general-purpose AI assistants that can support human in tasks such as writing, coding, graphic design, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay , Robert Loftin

Tool-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in remote sensing (RS) applications. However, existing benchmarks assume question-answering input templates over predefined image-text data pairs. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Simranjit Singh , Michael Fore , Dimitrios Stamoulis

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

The advent of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, PaLM, and GPT-4 has catalyzed remarkable advances in natural language processing, demonstrating human-like language fluency and reasoning capacities. This position paper introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Zhixuan Chu , Yan Wang , Feng Zhu , Lu Yu , Longfei Li , Jinjie Gu

Various human-designed prompt engineering techniques have been proposed to improve problem solvers based on Large Language Models (LLMs), yielding many disparate code bases. We unify these approaches by describing LLM-based agents as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Mingchen Zhuge , Wenyi Wang , Louis Kirsch , Francesco Faccio , Dmitrii Khizbullin , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Requirements elicitation, a critical, yet time-consuming and challenging step in product development, often fails to capture the full spectrum of user needs. This may lead to products that fall short of expectations. This paper introduces a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Mohammadmehdi Ataei , Hyunmin Cheong , Daniele Grandi , Ye Wang , Nigel Morris , Alexander Tessier

GUIs are foundational to interactive systems and play a pivotal role in early requirements elicitation through prototyping. Ensuring that GUI implementations fulfill NL requirements is essential for robust software engineering, especially…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Alexander Maedche , Christian Bartelt

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in chemistry, significantly impacting molecule design, property prediction, and synthesis optimization. This review highlights LLM capabilities in these domains and their potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Mayk Caldas Ramos , Christopher J. Collison , Andrew D. White

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building fully autonomous agents. However, fully autonomous LLM-based agents still face significant challenges, including limited reliability due to…

The rise of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has become a transformative force in the field of artificial intelligence, enabling machines to process and generate content across multiple modalities, such as text, images, audio, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ming Li , Keyu Chen , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu , Xinyuan Song , Zekun Jiang , Tianyang Wang , Benji Peng , Qian Niu , Junyu Liu , Jinlang Wang , Sen Zhang , Xuanhe Pan , Jiawei Xu , Pohsun Feng

In transportation system demand modeling and simulation, agent-based models and microsimulations are current state-of-the-art approaches. However, existing agent-based models still have some limitations on behavioral realism and resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Tianming Liu , Jirong Yang , Yafeng Yin

Autonomous agents capable of navigating Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) hold the potential to revolutionize digital productivity. However, achieving true digital autonomy extends beyond reactive element matching; it necessitates a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hongxin Li , Xiping Wang , Jingran Su , Zheng Ju , Yuntao Chen , Qing Li , Zhaoxiang Zhang

The growing popularity and widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates the development of tools that enhance the effectiveness of user interactions with these models. Understanding the structures and functions of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Divya Perumal , Swaroop Panda

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), recent years have witnessed many promising studies on leveraging LLM-based agents to simulate human social behavior. While prior work has demonstrated significant potential across…

Machine learning can predict human behavior well when substantial structured data and well-defined outcomes are available, but these models are typically limited to specific outcomes and cannot readily be applied to new domains. We test…