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Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of scaling test-time computation to enhance reasoning capabilities on various tasks. However, LRMs often suffer from an ``overthinking'' problem, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yule Liu , Jingyi Zheng , Zhen Sun , Zifan Peng , Wenhan Dong , Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Weiqiang Wang , Xinlei He

Legal reasoning tasks present unique challenges for large language models (LLMs) due to the complexity of domain-specific knowledge and reasoning processes. This paper investigates how effectively smaller language models (Llama 2 7B and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Rean Fernandes , André Biedenkapp , Frank Hutter , Noor Awad

We propose integration of reasoning into speech large language models (speechLLMs) for the end-to-end slot-filling task. Inspired by the recent development of reasoning LLMs, we use a chain-of-thought framework to decompose the slot-filling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Kadri Hacioglu , Manjunath K E , Andreas Stolcke

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable problem-solving abilities in mathematics, as evaluated by existing benchmarks exclusively on well-defined problems. However, such evaluation setup constitutes a critical gap, since…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Youcheng Huang , Bowen Qin , Chen Huang , Duanyu Feng , Xi Yang , Wenqiang Lei

Large Audio Language Models (LALM) combine the audio perception models and the Large Language Models (LLM) and show a remarkable ability to reason about the input audio, infer the meaning, and understand the intent. However, these systems…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Saurabhchand Bhati , Yuan Gong , Leonid Karlinsky , Hilde Kuehne , Rogerio Feris , James Glass

Chain-of-thought prompting~(CoT) and tool augmentation have been validated in recent work as effective practices for improving large language models~(LLMs) to perform step-by-step reasoning on complex math-related tasks. However, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Beichen Zhang , Kun Zhou , Xilin Wei , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Sha , Shijin Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

This paper aims to advance the mathematical intelligence of machines by presenting the first Chinese mathematical pre-trained language model~(PLM) for effectively understanding and representing mathematical problems. Unlike other standard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Wayne Xin Zhao , Kun Zhou , Zheng Gong , Beichen Zhang , Yuanhang Zhou , Jing Sha , Zhigang Chen , Shijin Wang , Cong Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

Math reasoning has become the poster child of progress in large language models (LLMs), with new models rapidly surpassing human-level performance on benchmarks like MATH and AIME. But as math leaderboards improve week by week, it is worth…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Maggie Huan , Yuetai Li , Tuney Zheng , Xiaoyu Xu , Seungone Kim , Minxin Du , Radha Poovendran , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Human language and logic abilities are computationally quantified within the well-studied grammar-automata hierarchy. We identify three hierarchical tiers and two corresponding transitions and show their correspondence to specific abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 E Graham , R Granger

Large language models (LLMs) have seen considerable advancements in natural language understanding tasks, yet there remains a gap to bridge before attaining true artificial general intelligence, especially concerning shortcomings in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Minpeng Liao , Wei Luo , Chengxi Li , Jing Wu , Kai Fan

We introduce LogicAsker, a novel approach for evaluating and enhancing the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4. Despite LLMs' prowess in tasks like writing assistance, code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuxuan Wan , Wenxuan Wang , Yiliu Yang , Youliang Yuan , Jen-tse Huang , Pinjia He , Wenxiang Jiao , Michael R. Lyu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress in reasoning capabilities, such as DeepSeek-R1, which leverages rule-based reinforcement learning to enhance logical reasoning significantly.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zeyu Liu , Yuhang Liu , Guanghao Zhu , Congkai Xie , Zhen Li , Jianbo Yuan , Xinyao Wang , Qing Li , Shing-Chi Cheung , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu , Hongxia Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in reasoning tasks. However, recent studies show that transformers and LLMs fail catastrophically once reasoning problems exceed modest complexity. We revisit these findings…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Revanth Rameshkumar , Jimson Huang , Yunxin Sun , Fei Xia , Abulhair Saparov

Quantum computing education requires students to move beyond classical programming intuitions related to state, determinism, and debugging, and to develop reasoning skills grounded in probability, measurement, and interference. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Umar Farooq , Krishna Upadhyay

Collecting ground-truth rewards or human demonstrations for multi-step reasoning tasks is often prohibitively expensive, particularly in interactive domains such as web tasks. We introduce Self-Taught Lookahead (STL), a reward-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ethan Mendes , Alan Ritter

We propose a new declarative planning language, called K, which is based on principles and methods of logic programming. In this language, transitions between states of knowledge can be described, rather than transitions between completely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-02-21 Thomas Eiter , Wolfgang Faber , Nicola Leone , Gerald Pfeifer , Axel Polleres

The development of large language models (LLM) has shown progress on reasoning, though studies have largely considered either English or simple reasoning tasks. To address this, we introduce a multilingual structured reasoning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Bryan Li , Tamer Alkhouli , Daniele Bonadiman , Nikolaos Pappas , Saab Mansour

LLMs have made significant progress in the field of mathematical reasoning, but whether they have true the mathematical understanding ability is still controversial. To explore this issue, we propose a new perturbation framework to evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhishen Sun , Guang Dai , Ivor Tsang , Haishan Ye

The leaderboard of Large Language Models (LLMs) in mathematical tasks has been continuously updated. However, the majority of evaluations focus solely on the final results, neglecting the quality of the intermediate steps. This oversight…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Shijie Xia , Xuefeng Li , Yixin Liu , Tongshuang Wu , Pengfei Liu

Recent large language model (LLM) reasoning, despite its success, suffers from limited domain knowledge, susceptibility to hallucinations, and constrained reasoning depth, particularly in small-scale models deployed in resource-constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Wenjie Wu , Yongcheng Jing , Yingjie Wang , Wenbin Hu , Dacheng Tao
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