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The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled the construction of multi-agent systems to solve complex tasks by dividing responsibilities among specialized agents, such as a planning agent for subgoal generation and a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Minghang Zhu , Zhengliang Shi , Zhiwei Xu , Shiguang Wu , Lingjie Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen

Embodied agents are expected to operate persistently in dynamic physical environments, continuously acquiring new capabilities over time. Existing approaches to improving agent performance often rely on modifying the agent itself -- through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xue Qin , Simin Luan , John See , Cong Yang , Zhijun Li

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied across various domains, enhancing safety while maintaining the helpfulness of LLMs has become a critical challenge. Recent studies solve this problem through safety-constrained online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yupeng Qi , Ziyu Lyu , Min Yang , Yanlin Wang , Lu Bai , Lixin Cui

While embodied agents have made significant progress in performing complex physical tasks, real-world applications demand more than pure task execution. The agents must collaborate with unfamiliar agents and human users, whose goals are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yuanfei Wang , Xinju Huang , Fangwei Zhong , Yaodong Yang , Yizhou Wang , Yuanpei Chen , Hao Dong

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a fundamental coordination problem in large-scale robotic and cyber-physical systems, where multiple agents must compute conflict-free trajectories with limited computational and communication resources.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Kevin Riehl , Julius Schlapbach , Anastasios Kouvelas , Michail A. Makridis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) tasks, yet current applications face challenges. While LLMs excel in general conversation scenarios, they struggle with specialized navigation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yunzhe Xu , Yiyuan Pan , Zhe Liu , Hesheng Wang

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) struggles with sample efficiency, interpretability, and generalization. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful planning capabilities, their application has been hampered by a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhiyuan Li , Wenshuai Zhao , Joni Pajarinen

Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is effective for complex multi-robot tasks, it suffers from low sample efficiency and requires iterative manual reward tuning. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Guobin Zhu , Rui Zhou , Wenkang Ji , Shiyu Zhao

Efficient coordination and planning is essential for large-scale multi-agent systems that collaborate in a shared dynamic environment. Heuristic search methods or learning-based approaches often lack the guarantee on correctness and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zesen Liu , Meng Guo , Weimin Bao , Zhongkui Li

Language model (LM)-based agents have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks from natural language instructions, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon planning and reasoning. To address this, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenyi Wu , Sibo Zhu , Kun Zhou , Biwei Huang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have recently shown strong potential in domains such as automated coding, deep research, and graphical user interface manipulation. However, training them to succeed on long-horizon, domain-specialized…

Using effective generalization capabilities of vision language models (VLMs) in context-specific dynamic tasks for embodied artificial intelligence remains a significant challenge. Although supervised fine-tuned models can better align with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Kechen Jiao , Zhirui Fang , Jiahao Liu , Bei Li , Qifan Wang , Xinyu Liu , Junhao Ruan , Zhongjian Qiao , Yifan Zhu , Yaxin Xu , Jingang Wang , Xiu Li

Hierarchies of temporally decoupled policies present a promising approach for enabling structured exploration in complex long-term planning problems. To fully achieve this approach an end-to-end training paradigm is needed. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Abdul Rahman Kreidieh , Glen Berseth , Brandon Trabucco , Samyak Parajuli , Sergey Levine , Alexandre M. Bayen

Sequential reasoning in agent systems has been significantly advanced by large language models (LLMs), yet existing approaches face limitations. Reflection-driven reasoning relies solely on knowledge in pretrained models, limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Chen Yang , Chenyang Zhao , Quanquan Gu , Dongruo Zhou

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have substantially accelerated the development of embodied agents. LLM-based multi-agent systems mitigate the inefficiency of single agents in complex tasks. However, they still suffer from…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-02 XiaoJie Zhang , JianHan Wu , Xiaoyang Qu , Jianzong Wang

Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MAPPO) is a variant of the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm, specifically tailored for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). MAPPO optimizes cooperative multi-agent settings by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Changha Lee , Gyusang Cho

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted as the cognitive core of embodied agents. However, inherited hallucinations, which stem from failures to ground user instructions in the observed physical environment, can lead to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong collaborative performance in multi-agent systems with predefined roles and workflows. However, in open-ended environments lacking coordination rules, agents tend to act in self-interested ways. The…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yun Hua , Haosheng Chen , Shiqin Wang , Wenhao Li , Xiangfeng Wang , Jun Luo

Multi-agent collaboration holds great promise for enhancing the safety, reliability, and mobility of autonomous driving systems by enabling information sharing among multiple connected agents. However, existing multi-agent communication…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Xiangbo Gao , Yuheng Wu , Rujia Wang , Chenxi Liu , Yang Zhou , Zhengzhong Tu

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance on a wide variety of tasks, but they often struggle with tasks that require multi-step reasoning or goal-directed planning. Both cognitive neuroscience and reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Taylor Webb , Shanka Subhra Mondal , Ida Momennejad