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Large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned for text-retrieval have demonstrated state-of-the-art results across several information retrieval (IR) benchmarks. However, supervised training for improving these models requires numerous labeled…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-24 William Fleshman , Benjamin Van Durme

The advent of deep machine learning platforms such as Tensorflow and Pytorch, developed in expressive high-level languages such as Python, have allowed more expressive representations of deep neural network architectures. We argue that such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Craig Macdonald , Nicola Tonellotto

As a primary means of information acquisition, information retrieval (IR) systems, such as search engines, have integrated themselves into our daily lives. These systems also serve as components of dialogue, question-answering, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yutao Zhu , Huaying Yuan , Shuting Wang , Jiongnan Liu , Wenhan Liu , Chenlong Deng , Haonan Chen , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has significantly transformed both the construction and application of information retrieval (IR) systems. However, current interactions between IR systems and LLMs remain limited, with LLMs merely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Qiaoyu Tang , Jiawei Chen , Zhuoqun Li , Bowen Yu , Yaojie Lu , Cheng Fu , Haiyang Yu , Hongyu Lin , Fei Huang , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Yongbin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs)-based text retrieval retrieves documents relevant to search queries based on vector similarities. Documents are pre-encoded offline, while queries arrive in real-time, necessitating an efficient online query…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Guangyuan Ma , Yongliang Ma , Xuanrui Gou , Zhenpeng Su , Ming Zhou , Songlin Hu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds a pivotal shift in online user interactions with information. Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems primarily relied on query-document matching, whereas LLMs excel in comprehending…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Samira Ghodratnama , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval (RIR) targets retrieval settings where relevance is mediated by latent inferential links between a query and supporting evidence, rather than semantic similarity. Motivated by the emergent reasoning abilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yiyang Wei , Tingyu Song , Siyue Zhang , Yilun Zhao

Information retrieval (IR) plays a crucial role in locating relevant resources from vast amounts of data, and its applications have evolved from traditional knowledge bases to modern retrieval models (RMs). The emergence of large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Jiazhan Feng , Chongyang Tao , Xiubo Geng , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Guodong Long , Dongyan Zhao , Daxin Jiang

Modern Language Models (LMs) are capable of following long and complex instructions that enable a large and diverse set of user requests. While Information Retrieval (IR) models use these LMs as the backbone of their architectures,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Orion Weller , Benjamin Chang , Sean MacAvaney , Kyle Lo , Arman Cohan , Benjamin Van Durme , Dawn Lawrie , Luca Soldaini

Neural networks with deep architectures have demonstrated significant performance improvements in computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. The challenges in information retrieval (IR), however, are different…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Bhaskar Mitra

The objective of Information Extraction (IE) is to derive structured representations from unstructured or semi-structured documents. However, developing IE models is complex due to the need of integrating several subtasks. Additionally,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Arne Binder , Leonhard Hennig , Christoph Alt

Multimodal pre-training has propelled great advancement in vision-and-language research. These large-scale pre-trained models, although successful, fatefully suffer from slow inference speed due to enormous computation cost mainly from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Siqi Sun , Yen-Chun Chen , Linjie Li , Shuohang Wang , Yuwei Fang , Jingjing Liu

Modern LLMs typically require multistage training pipelines to achieve strong downstream performance, with post-training serving as the main interface for adapting open-weight models. We introduce torchtune, a PyTorch-native library…

We used Lemur Toolkit, an open source toolkit designed for Information Retrieval (IR) research, for our automated indexing and retrieval experiments on a TREC-like test collection for Turkish. We study and compare three retrieval models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-05-09 Kutlu Emre Yılmaz , Ahmet Arslan , Ozgur Yilmazel

Multi-stage information retrieval (IR) has become a widely-adopted paradigm in search. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively evaluated as second-stage reranking models for monolingual IR, a systematic large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Longfei Zuo , Pingjun Hong , Oliver Kraus , Barbara Plank , Robert Litschko

While recent advancements in Neural Ranking Models have resulted in significant improvements over traditional statistical retrieval models, it is generally acknowledged that the use of large neural architectures and the application of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Sourav Saha , Harsh Agarwal , V Venktesh , Avishek Anand , Swastik Mohanty , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

The research field of Information Retrieval (IR) has evolved significantly, expanding beyond traditional search to meet diverse user information needs. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in…

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities in many domains, they still have a tendency to hallucinate and generate fictitious responses to user requests. This problem can be alleviated by augmenting…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Jiongnan Liu , Jiajie Jin , Zihan Wang , Jiehan Cheng , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

The period from 2019 to the present marks one of the most significant paradigm shifts in information retrieval (IR) and natural language processing (NLP), culminating in the emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs) from 2022…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhichao Xu , Fengran Mo , Zhiqi Huang , Crystina Zhang , Puxuan Yu , Bei Wang , Jimmy Lin , Vivek Srikumar

Conversational search requires accurate interpretation of user intent from complex multi-turn contexts. This paper presents ChatRetriever, which inherits the strong generalization capability of large language models to robustly represent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Kelong Mao , Chenlong Deng , Haonan Chen , Fengran Mo , Zheng Liu , Tetsuya Sakai , Zhicheng Dou
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