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Large language model (LLM) coding agents can generate working code, but their solutions often accumulate complexity, duplication, and architectural debt. Human developers address such issues through refactoring: behavior-preserving program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alex Thillen , Niels Mündler , Veselin Raychev , Martin Vechev

Large language models (LLMs) show the promise in supporting scientific research implementation, yet their ability to generate correct and executable code remains limited. Existing works largely adopt one-shot settings, ignoring the…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred interest in deploying LLM agents to undertake tasks in the world. LLMs are often deployed in agent systems: code that orchestrates LLM calls and provides them with tools. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Maxime Robeyns , Martin Szummer , Laurence Aitchison

While a lot of recent research focuses on enhancing the textual reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by optimizing the multi-agent framework or reasoning chains, several benchmark tasks can be solved with 100\% success…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yongchao Chen , Harsh Jhamtani , Srinagesh Sharma , Chuchu Fan , Chi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in solving complex tasks across diverse domains, typically by employing agentic workflows that follow detailed instructions and operational sequences. However, constructing…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in general programming tasks. However, in Machine Learning Engineering (MLE) scenarios such as AutoML and Kaggle competitions, achieving high performance depends heavily on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shangheng Du , Xiangchao Yan , Dengyang Jiang , Jiakang Yuan , Yusong Hu , Xin Li , Liang He , Bo Zhang , Lei Bai

This paper presents an innovative exploration of the application potential of large language models (LLM) in addressing the challenging task of automatically generating behavior trees (BTs) for complex tasks. The conventional manual BT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Fu Li , Xueying Wang , Bin Li , Yunlong Wu , Yanzhen Wang , Xiaodong Yi

Code generation is one of the tasks for which the use of Large Language Models is widely adopted and highly successful. Given this popularity, there are many benchmarks dedicated to code generation that can help select the best model.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joanna Szych , Anne Schwerk

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as coding assistants, capable of generating source code from natural language prompts. With the increasing adoption of LLMs in software development, academic research and industry based projects are…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in code generation and problem solving. Current approaches employ external tool-based iterative debuggers that use compiler or other tool-based runtime feedback to refine coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Md. Ashraful Islam , Mohammed Eunus Ali , Md Rizwan Parvez

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in automated code generation but typically excel only in simpler tasks such as generating standalone code units. Real-world software development, however, often involves complex code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Jia Li , Ge Li , Xianjie Shi , Zhi Jin

Programmers increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation. However, misalignment between programmers' goals and generated code complicates the code evaluation process and demands frequent switching between prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Ryan Yen , Jiawen Zhu , Sangho Suh , Haijun Xia , Jian Zhao

Autonomous agents powered by language models (LMs) have demonstrated promise in their ability to perform decision-making tasks such as web automation. However, a key limitation remains: LMs, primarily optimized for natural language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jing Yu Koh , Stephen McAleer , Daniel Fried , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Large language model (LLM) coding agents increasingly operate at the repository level, motivating benchmarks that evaluate their ability to optimize entire codebases under realistic constraints. Existing code benchmarks largely rely on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Atharva Sehgal , James Hou , Akanksha Sarkar , Ishaan Mantripragada , Swarat Chaudhuri , Jennifer J. Sun , Yisong Yue

Automatic code generation has gained significant momentum with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. Although many studies focus on improving the effectiveness of LLMs for code generation, very limited work tries to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Melika Sepidband , Hamed Taherkhani , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly Code LLMs, have demonstrated impressive performance in code generation. Current research primarily focuses on the correctness of generated code, while efficiency remains less explored. Recent works…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Tong Ye , Weigang Huang , Xuhong Zhang , Tengfei Ma , Peiyu Liu , Jianwei Yin , Wenhai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled multi-agent systems to perform autonomous code generation for complex tasks. Despite the recent growth in research and industrial applications in this area, there is little work on synthesizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeeshan Rasheeda , Muhammad Waseema , Kai-Kristian Kemella , Mika Saari , Pekka Abrahamsson

This study evaluates the efficiency of code generation by Large Language Models (LLMs) and measures their performance against human-crafted solutions using a dataset from Leetcode. We compare 18 LLMs, considering factors such as model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Tristan Coignion , Clément Quinton , Romain Rouvoy

Recent years have seen the remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) for code generation. Different from existing work that evaluate the correctness of the code generated by LLMs, we propose to further evaluate its efficiency.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Changan Niu , Ting Zhang , Chuanyi Li , Bin Luo , Vincent Ng

Code generation aims to automatically generate source code from high-level task specifications, which can significantly increase productivity of software engineering. Recently, approaches based on large language models (LLMs) have shown…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Xin-Ye Li , Jiang-Tian Xue , Zheng Xie , Ming Li