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Large language models (LLMs) are able to engage in natural-sounding conversations with humans, showcasing unprecedented capabilities for information retrieval and automated decision support. They have disrupted human-technology interaction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Wolfgang Messner , Tatum Greene , Josephine Matalone

The pervasiveness of abusive content on the internet can lead to severe psychological and physical harm. Significant effort in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has been devoted to addressing this problem through abusive content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi , Kathleen C. Fraser

Recent studies in the field of Machine Translation (MT) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) have shown that existing models amplify biases observed in the training data. The amplification of biases in language technology has mainly been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Eva Vanmassenhove , Dimitar Shterionov , Matthew Gwilliam

Recent literature has suggested the potential of using large language models (LLMs) to make classifications for tabular tasks. However, LLMs have been shown to exhibit harmful social biases that reflect the stereotypes and inequalities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yanchen Liu , Srishti Gautam , Jiaqi Ma , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have been accompanied by rapidly growing public interest in natural language processing (NLP). This attention is reflected by major news venues, which sometimes invite NLP researchers to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Shomir Wilson

Language models (LMs) have been used in cognitive modeling as well as engineering studies -- they compute information-theoretic complexity metrics that simulate humans' cognitive load during reading. This study highlights a limitation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Yohei Oseki , Ana Brassard , Kentaro Inui

Progress in natural language generation research has been shaped by the ever-growing size of language models. While large language models pre-trained on web data can generate human-sounding text, they also reproduce social biases and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Celine Wald , Lukas Pfahler

We take a critical lens toward the pursuit of racially inclusive language technologies and identify several areas necessitating future work. We discuss the potential harms of conversational technologies, outline three challenges that arise…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Kimi Wenzel , Geoff Kaufman

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit potentially harmful biases that reinforce culturally inherent stereotypes, cloud moral judgments, or amplify positive evaluations of majority groups. Previous explanations mainly attributed bias in LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Florian Scholten , Tobias R. Rebholz , Mandy Hütter

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

Language is the medium for many political activities, from campaigns to news reports. Natural language processing (NLP) uses computational tools to parse text into key information that is needed for policymaking. In this chapter, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Zhijing Jin , Rada Mihalcea

Evaluation in natural language processing guides and promotes research on models and methods. In recent years, new evalua-tion data sets and evaluation tasks have been continuously proposed. At the same time, a series of problems exposed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Qingxiu Dong , Zhifang Sui , Weidong Zhan , Baobao Chang

Large Language Models (LLMs) push the bound-aries in natural language processing and generative AI, driving progress across various aspects of modern society. Unfortunately, the pervasive issue of bias in LLMs responses (i.e., predictions)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Isabela Pereira Gregio , Ian Pons , Anna Helena Reali Costa , Artur Jordão

The rapid developments of various machine learning models and their deployments in several applications has led to discussions around the importance of looking beyond the accuracies of these models. Fairness of such models is one such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Biswajit Rout , Ananya B. Sai , Arun Rajkumar

In this paper, we discuss the relationship between natural language processing by computers (NLP) and the understanding of the human language capacity, as studied by linguistics and cognitive science. We outline the evolution of NLP from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Andrei Popescu-Belis

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making tasks like r\'esum\'e screening and content moderation, giving them the power to amplify or suppress certain perspectives. While previous research has identified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Naba Rizvi , Harper Strickland , Saleha Ahmedi , Aekta Kallepalli , Isha Khirwadkar , William Wu , Imani N. S. Munyaka , Nedjma Ousidhoum

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is revolutionising the way both professionals and laypersons operate in the legal field. The considerable potential for NLP in the legal sector, especially in developing computational assistance tools for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Farid Ariai , Joel Mackenzie , Gianluca Demartini

Despite being responsible for state-of-the-art results in several computer vision and natural language processing tasks, neural networks have faced harsh criticism due to some of their current shortcomings. One of them is that neural…

Gender is widely discussed in the context of language tasks and when examining the stereotypes propagated by language models. However, current discussions primarily treat gender as binary, which can perpetuate harms such as the cyclical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Sunipa Dev , Masoud Monajatipoor , Anaelia Ovalle , Arjun Subramonian , Jeff M Phillips , Kai-Wei Chang

Machine learning (ML) has become a critical tool in public health, offering the potential to improve population health, diagnosis, treatment selection, and health system efficiency. However, biases in data and model design can result in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Shaina Raza