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An active learner is given a class of models, a large set of unlabeled examples, and the ability to interactively query labels of a subset of these examples; the goal of the learner is to learn a model in the class that fits the data well.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Kamalika Chaudhuri , Sham Kakade , Praneeth Netrapalli , Sujay Sanghavi

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) refers to supervised multi-label learning involving hundreds of thousand or even millions of labels. In this paper, we develop a suite of algorithms, called Bonsai, which generalizes the notion of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Sujay Khandagale , Han Xiao , Rohit Babbar

Multi-label classification (MLC) is the task of assigning a set of target labels for a given sample. Modeling the combinatorial label interactions in MLC has been a long-haul challenge. We propose Label Message Passing (LaMP) Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Jack Lanchantin , Arshdeep Sekhon , Yanjun Qi

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is the task of assigning multiple labels to a given text, and has a wide range of application domains. Most existing approaches require an enormous amount of annotated data to learn a classifier and/or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Muberra Ozmen , Joseph Cotnareanu , Mark Coates

In multi-label classification tasks, each problem instance is associated with multiple classes simultaneously. In such settings, the correlation between labels contains valuable information that can be used to obtain more accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Shabnam Nazmi , Xuyang Yan , Abdollah Homaifar , Emily Doucette

Scalable oversight studies methods of training and evaluating AI systems in domains where human judgment is unreliable or expensive, such as scientific research and software engineering in complex codebases. Most work in this area has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Alex Mallen , Nora Belrose

In-Context Learning (ICL) typically utilizes classification criteria from output probabilities of manually selected label tokens. However, we argue that such token-based classification criteria lead to suboptimal decision boundaries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Hakaze Cho , Yoshihiro Sakai , Mariko Kato , Kenshiro Tanaka , Akira Ishii , Naoya Inoue

A multiclass classifier is said to be top-label calibrated if the reported probability for the predicted class -- the top-label -- is calibrated, conditioned on the top-label. This conditioning on the top-label is absent in the closely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Chirag Gupta , Aaditya Ramdas

Multi-Label Classification (MLC) is a common task in the legal domain, where more than one label may be assigned to a legal document. A wide range of methods can be applied, ranging from traditional ML approaches to the latest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Martina Forster , Claudia Schulz , Prudhvi Nokku , Melicaalsadat Mirsafian , Jaykumar Kasundra , Stavroula Skylaki

In the context of Extreme Multi-label Text Classification (XMTC), where labels are assigned to text instances from a large label space, the long-tail distribution of labels presents a significant challenge. Labels can be broadly categorized…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Celso França , Gestefane Rabbi , Thiago Salles , Washington Cunha , Leonardo Rocha , Marcos André Gonçalves

We study the problem of classification with selectively labeled data, whose distribution may differ from the full population due to historical decision-making. We exploit the fact that in many applications historical decisions were made by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-28 Jian Chen , Zhehao Li , Xiaojie Mao

Large output spaces, also referred to as Extreme multilabel classification (XMC), is a setting that arises, e.g., in large-scale tagging and product-to-product recommendation, and is characterized by the number of labels ranging from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jinbin Zhang , Nasib Ullah , Erik Schultheis , Rohit Babbar

Meta learning generalizes the empirical experience with different learning tasks and holds promise for providing important empirical insight into the behaviour of machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we present a comprehensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Jasmin Bogatinovski , Ljupčo Todorovski , Sašo Džeroski , Dragi Kocev

Partial multi-label learning (PML) models the scenario where each training instance is annotated with a set of candidate labels, and only some of the labels are relevant. The PML problem is practical in real-world scenarios, as it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Tingting Yu , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Maozu Guo

Real-world data often exhibits long-tailed distributions with heavy class imbalance, posing great challenges for deep recognition models. We identify a persisting dilemma on the value of labels in the context of imbalanced learning: on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Yuzhe Yang , Zhi Xu

Modern visual recognition models often display overconfidence due to their reliance on complex deep neural networks and one-hot target supervision, resulting in unreliable confidence scores that necessitate calibration. While current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Tianshui Chen , Weihang Wang , Tao Pu , Jinghui Qin , Zhijing Yang , Jie Liu , Liang Lin

Multi-label learning is a rapidly growing research area that aims to predict multiple labels from a single input data point. In the era of big data, tasks involving multi-label classification (MLC) or ranking present significant and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Adane Nega Tarekegn , Mohib Ullah , Faouzi Alaya Cheikh

Many modern multiclass and multilabel problems are characterized by increasingly large output spaces. For these problems, label embeddings have been shown to be a useful primitive that can improve computational and statistical efficiency.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Paul Mineiro , Nikos Karampatziakis

Existing multi-label ranking (MLR) frameworks only exploit information deduced from the bipartition of labels into positive and negative sets. Therefore, they do not benefit from ranking among positive labels, which is the novel MLR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 V. Bugra Yesilkaynak , Emine Dari , Alican Mertan , Gozde Unal

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) aims to identify relevant subsets from numerous labels. Among the various approaches for XMC, tree-based linear models are effective due to their superior efficiency and simplicity. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 He-Zhe Lin , Cheng-Hung Liu , Chih-Jen Lin