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Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in code generation, achieving impressive capabilities in synthesizing code snippets from natural language instructions. However, a critical challenge remains in ensuring LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jian Yang , Wei Zhang , Yizhi Li , Shawn Guo , Haowen Wang , Aishan Liu , Ge Zhang , Zili Wang , Zhoujun Li , Xianglong Liu , Weifeng Lv

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has rapidly advanced the language model field, particularly in question-answering (QA) systems. By integrating external documents during the response generation phase, RAG significantly enhances the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Xinyue Chen , Pengyu Gao , Jiangjiang Song , Xiaoyang Tan

Understanding the contents of multimodal documents is essential to accurately extract relevant evidence and use it for reasoning. Existing document understanding models tend to generate answers with a single word or phrase directly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jinxu Zhang

The rapid development recently of Community Question Answering (CQA) satisfies users quest for professional and personal knowledge about anything. In CQA, one central issue is to find users with expertise and willingness to answer the given…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Sha Yuan , Yu Zhang , Jie Tang , Juan Bautista Cabotà

We introduce MMMU: a new benchmark designed to evaluate multimodal models on massive multi-discipline tasks demanding college-level subject knowledge and deliberate reasoning. MMMU includes 11.5K meticulously collected multimodal questions…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in Open-domain question answering (ODQA), yet most evaluations focus on English and assume locale-invariant answers across languages. This assumption neglects the cultural and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Keon-Woo Roh , Yeong-Joon Ju , Seong-Whan Lee

Popular QA benchmarks like SQuAD have driven progress on the task of identifying answer spans within a specific passage, with models now surpassing human performance. However, retrieving relevant answers from a huge corpus of documents is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Amin Ahmad , Noah Constant , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer

Understanding research papers remains challenging for foundation models due to specialized scientific discourse and complex figures and tables, yet existing benchmarks offer limited fine-grained evaluation at scale. To address this gap, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yelin Chen , Fanjin Zhang , Suping Sun , Yunhe Pang , Yuanchun Wang , Jian Song , Xiaoyan Li , Lei Hou , Shu Zhao , Jie Tang , Juanzi Li

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining significant attention for their ability to process multi-modal data, providing enhanced contextual understanding of complex problems. MLLMs have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Pragati Shuddhodhan Meshram , Swetha Karthikeyan , Bhavya Bhavya , Suma Bhat

Open Domain Question Answering (ODQA) within natural language processing involves building systems that answer factual questions using large-scale knowledge corpora. Recent advances stem from the confluence of several factors, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Akchay Srivastava , Atif Memon

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) have made significant progress in the field of document analysis. Despite this, existing benchmarks typically focus only on extracting text and simple layout information, neglecting the complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lei Chen , Feng Yan , Yujie Zhong , Shaoxiang Chen , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma

Vision evaluations are typically done through multi-step processes. In most contemporary fields, experts analyze images using structured, evidence-based adaptive questioning. In plant pathology, botanists inspect leaf images, identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Syed Nazmus Sakib , Nafiul Haque , Shahrear Bin Amin , Hasan Muhammad Abdullah , Md. Mehedi Hasan , Mohammad Zabed Hossain , Shifat E. Arman

Technical reports and articles often contain valuable information in the form of semi-structured data like charts, and figures. Interpreting these and using the information from them is essential for downstream tasks such as question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Prahitha Movva , Naga Harshita Marupaka

Medical question-answering (QA) is a critical task for evaluating how effectively large language models (LLMs) encode clinical knowledge and assessing their potential applications in medicine. Despite showing promise on multiple-choice…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Guangfu Guo , Kai Zhang , Bryan Hoo , Yujun Cai , Xiaoqian Lu , Nanyun Peng , Yiwei Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance on benchmarks that evaluate text, image, or video understanding separately. However, these settings do not assess a critical real-world requirement, which involves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Dannong Xu , Zhongyu Yang , Jun Chen , Yingfang Yuan , Ming Hu , Lei Sun , Luc Van Gool , Danda Pani Paudel , Chun-Mei Feng

Clinical problem-solving requires processing of semantic medical knowledge such as illness scripts and numerical medical knowledge of diagnostic tests for evidence-based decision-making. As large language models (LLMs) show promising…

Evaluating natural language generation (NLG) systems in the medical domain presents unique challenges due to the critical demands for accuracy, relevance, and domain-specific expertise. Traditional automatic evaluation metrics, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Wen-wai Yim , Asma Ben Abacha , Zixuan Yu , Robert Doerning , Fei Xia , Meliha Yetisgen

Real-world clinical practice demands multi-image comparative reasoning, yet current medical benchmarks remain limited to single-frame interpretation. We present MedFrameQA, the first benchmark explicitly designed to test multi-image medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Suhao Yu , Haojin Wang , Juncheng Wu , Luyang Luo , Jingshen Wang , Cihang Xie , Pranav Rajpurkar , Carl Yang , Yang Yang , Kang Wang , Yannan Yu , Yuyin Zhou

Recent advances in multimodal vision and language modeling have predominantly focused on the English language, mostly due to the lack of multilingual multimodal datasets to steer modeling efforts. In this work, we address this gap and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jonas Pfeiffer , Gregor Geigle , Aishwarya Kamath , Jan-Martin O. Steitz , Stefan Roth , Ivan Vulić , Iryna Gurevych

Open-domain question answering (ODQA) has emerged as a pivotal research spotlight in information systems. Existing methods follow two main paradigms to collect evidence: (1) The \textit{retrieve-then-read} paradigm retrieves pertinent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Hongda Sun , Yuxuan Liu , Chengwei Wu , Haiyu Yan , Cheng Tai , Xin Gao , Shuo Shang , Rui Yan