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Advancements in robotics have opened possibilities to automate tasks in various fields such as manufacturing, emergency response and healthcare. However, a significant challenge that prevents robots from operating in real-world environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zahin Sufiyan , Shadan Golestan , Shotaro Miwa , Yoshihiro Mitsuka , Osmar Zaiane

We propose an object-centric recovery (OCR) framework to address the challenges of out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios in visuomotor policy learning. Previous behavior cloning (BC) methods rely heavily on a large amount of labeled data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 George Jiayuan Gao , Tianyu Li , Nadia Figueroa

Out-of-distribution (OOD) testing is increasingly popular for evaluating a machine learning system's ability to generalize beyond the biases of a training set. OOD benchmarks are designed to present a different joint distribution of data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Damien Teney , Kushal Kafle , Robik Shrestha , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Christopher Kanan , Anton van den Hengel

Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Jie Lu , Jiahua Dong , Bo Han , Feng Liu

Transformers excel in natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, they still face challenges in generalizing to Out-of-Distribution (OOD) datasets, i.e. data whose distribution differs from that seen during training. OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yijin Zhou , Yutang Ge , Wenyuan Xie , Linqian Zeng , Xiaowen Dong , Yuguang Wang

Although machine learning models typically experience a drop in performance on out-of-distribution data, accuracies on in- versus out-of-distribution data are widely observed to follow a single linear trend when evaluated across a testbed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Anders Andreassen , Yasaman Bahri , Behnam Neyshabur , Rebecca Roelofs

Out-of-distribution detection (OOD) is a pivotal task for real-world applications that trains models to identify samples that are distributionally different from the in-distribution (ID) data during testing. Recent advances in AI,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Chaohua Li , Enhao Zhang , Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

Behavioral cloning, or more broadly, learning from demonstrations (LfD) is a priomising direction for robot policy learning in complex scenarios. Albeit being straightforward to implement and data-efficient, behavioral cloning has its own…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Carl Qi , Edward Sun , Harry Zhang

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Feature shaping refers to a family of methods that exhibit state-of-the-art performance for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. These approaches manipulate the feature representation, typically from the penultimate layer of a pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Qinyu Zhao , Ming Xu , Kartik Gupta , Akshay Asthana , Liang Zheng , Stephen Gould

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) faces a critical challenge of overestimating the value of out-of-distribution (OOD) actions. Existing methods mitigate this issue by penalizing unseen samples, yet they fail to accurately identify OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Qingjun Wang , Hongtu Zhou , Hang Yu , Junqiao Zhao , Yanping Zhao , Chen Ye , Ziqiao Wang , Guang Chen

Machine learning models deployed in the wild can be challenged by out-of-distribution (OOD) data from unknown classes. Recent advances in OOD detection rely on distance measures to distinguish samples that are relatively far away from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Yiyou Sun , Yixuan Li

Many neural network-based out-of-distribution (OoD) detection methods have been proposed. However, they require many training data for each target task. We propose a simple yet effective meta-learning method to detect OoD with small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Tomoharu Iwata , Atsutoshi Kumagai

Robust prediction of molecular properties under extreme out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios is a pivotal bottleneck in AI-driven drug discovery. Current scaffold-splitting protocols fail to obstruct microscopic semantic overlap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhuohao Lin , Kun Li , Jiameng Chen , Jiajun Yu , Duanhua Cao , Yizhen Zheng , Wenbin Hu

Out-of-distribution detection is a common issue in deploying vision models in practice and solving it is an essential building block in safety critical applications. Most of the existing OOD detection solutions focus on improving the OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Tomas Vojir , Jan Sochman , Rahaf Aljundi , Jiri Matas

The detection of semantic and covariate out-of-distribution (OOD) examples is a critical yet overlooked challenge in digital pathology (DP). Recently, substantial insight and methods on OOD detection were presented by the ML community, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ji-Hun Oh , Kianoush Falahkheirkhah , Rohit Bhargava

Successful deep neural networks discover salient features of data. We show when and why they fail to learn out-of-distribution (OOD)-relevant representations from an in-distribution (ID) training window. This requires decoupling feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Leonel Aguilar , Jan Nagler , Christoph Hoelscher , Nino Antulov-Fantulin

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is critical for machine learning, be it for safety reasons or to enable open-ended learning. However, beyond mere detection, choosing an appropriate course of action typically hinges on the type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Achref Jaziri , Martin Rogmann , Martin Mundt , Visvanathan Ramesh

Behavior cloning methods for robot learning suffer from poor generalization due to limited data support beyond expert demonstrations. Recent approaches leveraging video prediction models have shown promising results by learning rich…

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown to be powerful medical image segmentation models. In this study, we address some of the main unresolved issues regarding these models. Specifically, training of these models on small medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Davood Karimi , Ali Gholipour