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Out-of-Domain (OOD) generalization is the ability of a model trained on one or more domains to generalize to unseen domains. In the ImageNet era of computer vision, evaluation sets for measuring a model's OOD performance were designed to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Roland S. Zimmermann , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Evgenia Rusak , Attila Juhos , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

Machine learning algorithms typically assume that the training and test samples come from the same distributions, i.e., in-distribution. However, in open-world scenarios, streaming big data can be Out-Of-Distribution (OOD), rendering these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Anique Tahir , Lu Cheng , Ruocheng Guo , Huan Liu

This paper introduces a universal approach to seamlessly combine out-of-distribution (OOD) detection scores. These scores encompass a wide range of techniques that leverage the self-confidence of deep learning models and the anomalous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Eduardo Dadalto , Florence Alberge , Pierre Duhamel , Pablo Piantanida

Continual learning (CL) is an important technique to allow artificial neural networks to work in open environments. CL enables a system to learn new tasks without severe interference to its performance on old tasks, i.e., overcome the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Liangxuan Guo , Yang Chen , Shan Yu

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in the development of machine learning models across a wide range of fields, fueled by increased computational resources, large-scale datasets, and the rise of deep learning architectures.…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safety-sensitive machine learning applications and has been extensively studied, yielding a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, most studies for OOD detection did not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Atsuyuki Miyai , Qing Yu , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Deep learning has been demonstrated with tremendous success in recent years. Despite so, its performance in practice often degenerates drastically when encountering out-of-distribution (OoD) data, i.e. training and test data are sampled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Haoyue Bai

State-of-the-art image classifiers trained on massive datasets (such as ImageNet) have been shown to be vulnerable to a range of both intentional and incidental distribution shifts. On the other hand, several recent classifiers with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Benjamin Feuer , Ameya Joshi , Chinmay Hegde

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the trustworthiness of AI systems. Methods using prior information (i.e., subspace-based methods) have shown effective performance by extracting information geometry to detect OOD data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Kaiyu Guo , Zijian Wang , Tan Pan , Brian C. Lovell , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

The application of machine learning in safety-critical systems requires a reliable assessment of uncertainty. However, deep neural networks are known to produce highly overconfident predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Even if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Alexander Meinke , Julian Bitterwolf , Matthias Hein

The goal of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization problem is to train a predictor that generalizes on all environments. Popular approaches in this field use the hypothesis that such a predictor shall be an \textit{invariant predictor}…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-29 Masanori Koyama , Shoichiro Yamaguchi

With recent advancements in artificial intelligence, its applications can be seen in every aspect of humans' daily life. From voice assistants to mobile healthcare and autonomous driving, we rely on the performance of AI methods for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Navid Ghassemi , Ehsan Fazl-Ersi

Behavior cloning is a common imitation learning paradigm. Under behavior cloning the robot collects expert demonstrations, and then trains a policy to match the actions taken by the expert. This works well when the robot learner visits…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is a challenging machine learning problem yet highly desirable in many high-stake applications. Existing methods suffer from overly pessimistic modeling with low generalization confidence. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Fengchun Qiao , Xi Peng

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods leverage previous experiences to learn better policies than the behavior policy used for data collection. However, they face challenges handling distribution shifts due to the lack of online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Suzan Ece Ada , Erhan Oztop , Emre Ugur

The advent of pre-trained Language Models (LMs) has markedly advanced natural language processing, but their efficacy in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios remains a significant challenge. Computational argumentation (CA), modeling human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Andreas Waldis , Yufang Hou , Iryna Gurevych

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, a cornerstone for building robust machine learning models capable of handling data diverging from the training set's distribution, is an ongoing challenge in deep learning. While significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Sergey Kolesnikov

Machine Learning (ML) techniques have found applications in estimating chemical kinetic properties. With the accumulated drug molecules identified through "AI4drug discovery", the next imperative lies in AI-driven design for high-throughput…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Zihao Wang , Yongqiang Chen , Yang Duan , Weijiang Li , Bo Han , James Cheng , Hanghang Tong

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yifan Ding , Arturas Aleksandraus , Amirhossein Ahmadian , Jonas Unger , Fredrik Lindsten , Gabriel Eilertsen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is critical for machine learning models deployed in the real world. However, achieving this can be fundamentally challenging, as it requires the ability to learn invariant features across different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Haoyue Bai , Yifei Ming , Julian Katz-Samuels , Yixuan Li