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The emergence of quantum computing has introduced unprecedented security challenges to conventional cryptographic systems, particularly in the domain of optical communications. This research addresses these challenges by innovatively…

TLS is extensively utilized for secure data transmission over networks. However, with the advent of quantum computers, the security of TLS based on traditional public-key cryptography is under threat. To counter quantum threats, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Jieyu Zheng , Haoliang Zhu , Yifan Dong , Zhenyu Song , Zhenhao Zhang , Yafang Yang , Yunlei Zhao

The advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the foundational cryptographic algorithms that secure modern digital communications. Protocols such as HTTPS, digital certificates, and public key infrastructures (PKIs) heavily…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arimondo Scrivano

Cloud-native application platforms and latency-sensitive systems such as 5G Core networks rely heavily on certificate-based Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and mutual TLS to secure service-to-service communication. While effective, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Vipin Kumar Rathi , Lakshya Chopra , Nikhil Kumar Rajput

Users of quantum networks can securely communicate via so-called (quantum) conference key agreement --making their identities publicly known. In certain circumstances, however, communicating users demand anonymity. Here, we introduce a…

This paper concerns the Minimal Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol, which has received little attention to date, despite its potential to make the best-known IKE protocol sufficiently lightweight to be also applied in contexts where it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Davide De Zuane , Paolo Santini , Marco Baldi

We introduce LOCATHE (Location-Enhanced Authenticated Key Exchange), a generic protocol that pools location, user attributes, access policy and desired services into a multi-factor authentication, allowing two peers to establish a secure,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-18 Marcos Portnoi , Chien-Chung Shen

The quantum threat to cybersecurity has accelerated the standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). Migrating legacy software to these quantum-safe algorithms is not a simple library swap, but a new software engineering challenge:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Lei Zhang

We show that a family of quantum authentication protocols introduced in [Barnum et al., FOCS 2002] can be used to construct a secure quantum channel and additionally recycle all of the secret key if the message is successfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-24 Christopher Portmann

Experimental deployment of quantum communication over Earth-satellite channels opens the way to a secure global quantum Internet. In this work, we present results from a real-time prototype quantum key distribution (QKD) system, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Aman Gupta , Ravi Singh Adhikari , Robert Malaney

In this work we review the security vulnerability of Quantum Cryptography with respect to "man-in-the-middle attacks" and the standard authentication methods applied to counteract these attacks. We further propose a modified authentication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Peev , M. Nölle , O. Maurhardt , T. Lorünser , M. Suda , A. Poppe , R. Ursin , A. Fedrizzi , A. Zeilinger

The rise of quantum computing/technology potentially introduces significant security challenges to cloud computing, necessitating quantum-resistant encryption strategies as well as protection schemes and methods for cloud infrastructures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Aurelia Kusumastuti , Nikolay Tcholtchev , Philipp Lämmel , Sebastian Bock , Manfred Hauswirth

In contrast to classical public-key cryptosystems, where the security of encoded messages relies on on computational assumptions, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key that, when…

New cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) allow computations to be outsourced to and evaluated blindfolded in a resourceful cloud. These computations often require private data owned by multiple participants, engaging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Asma Aloufi , Peizhao Hu , Yongsoo Song , Kristin Lauter

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides an information-theoretic way of securely exchanging secret keys, and typically relies on pre-shared keys or public keys for message authentication. To lift the requirement of pre-shared or public…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-05 Wen Yu Kon , Ignatius William Primaatmaja , Kaushik Chakraborty , Charles Lim

Another threat is the development of large quantum computers, which have a high likelihood of breaking the high popular security protocols because it can use both Shor and Grover algorithms. In order to fix this looming threat,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Navin Chhibber , Amber Rastogi , Ankur Mahida , Vatsal Gupta , Piyush Ranjan

We consider the problem of post-quantum secure and ultra-reliable communication through a heterogeneous network consisting of multiple connections. Three performance metrics are considered: security, throughput, and in-order delivery delay.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Rafael G. L. D'Oliveira , Alejandro Cohen , John Robinson , Thomas Stahlbuhk , Muriel Médard

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure key sharing between distant parties, with several protocols proven resilient against conventional eavesdropping strategies. Here, we introduce a new attack scenario where an eavesdropper, Eve,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-11 Sumit Nandi , Biswaranjan Panda , Pankaj Agrawal , Arun K Pati

As agentic artificial intelligence systems scale across globally distributed and long lived infrastructures, secure and policy compliant communication becomes a fundamental systems challenge. This challenge grows more serious in the quantum…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Arit Kumar Bishwas , Mousumi Sen , Albert Nieto-Morales , Joel Jacob Varghese

This work explores the performance and scalability of a hierarchical certificate authority framework with automated certificate issuance employing post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) signature algorithms. The system is designed for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Antonia Tsili , Konstantinos Kordolaimis , Konstantinos Krilakis , Dimitris Syvridis