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Related papers: A Causal Framework for Precision Rehabilitation

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A common concern when a policymaker draws causal inferences from and makes decisions based on observational data is that the measured covariates are insufficiently rich to account for all sources of confounding, i.e., the standard no…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-25 Tao Shen , Yifan Cui

Early diagnosis of diseases holds the potential for deep transformation in healthcare by enabling better treatment options, improving long-term survival and quality of life, and reducing overall cost. With the advent of medical big data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Tim Schubert , Richard W Peck , Alexander Gimson , Camelia Davtyan , Mihaela van der Schaar

We propose a framework for building patient-specific treatment recommendation models, building on the large recent literature on learning patient-level causal models and inspired by the target trial paradigm of Hernan and Robins. We focus…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-17 Rom Gutman , Shimon Sheiba , Omer Noy Klein , Naama Dekel Bird , Amit Gruber , Doron Aronson , Oren Caspi , Uri Shalit

Distributional robustness is a central goal of prediction algorithms due to the prevalent distribution shifts in real-world data. The prediction model aims to minimize the worst-case risk among a class of distributions, a.k.a., an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Marin Šola , Peter Bühlmann , Xinwei Shen

The development of high-throughput sequencing and targeted therapies has led to the emergence of personalized medicine: a patient's molecular profile or the presence of a specific biomarker of drug response will correspond to a treatment…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-27 Jonas Béal , Aurélien Latouche

Predicting the effect of interventions with many possible variations, e.g., therapeutic content that affects mental health outcomes or an earnings call transcript that drives movement in share price, is useful across several domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Nikita Dhawan , Arnav Paruthi , Andrew Kim , Lovedeep Gondara , Jekaterina Novikova , Chris J. Maddison

Precision medicine is currently a topic of great interest in clinical and intervention science. One way to formalize precision medicine is through a treatment regime, which is a sequence of decision rules, one per stage of clinical…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-06-07 Yichi Zhang , Eric B. Laber , Anastasios Tsiatis , Marie Davidian

Drug repurposing is an effective strategy to identify new uses for existing drugs, providing the quickest possible transition from bench to bedside. Existing methods for drug repurposing that mainly focus on pre-clinical information may…

Applications · Statistics 2021-04-14 Ruoqi Liu , Lai Wei , Ping Zhang

Precision medicine is an emerging scientific topic for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual patient characteristics. It is an important direction for clinical research, and many statistical methods have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-17 Jingxiang Chen , Haoda Fu , Xuanyao He , Michael R. Kosorok , Yufeng Liu

Causal inference methods are widely applied in the fields of medicine, policy, and economics. Central to these applications is the estimation of treatment effects to make decisions. Current methods make binary yes-or-no decisions based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Will Y. Zou , Smitha Shyam , Michael Mui , Mingshi Wang , Jan Pedersen , Zoubin Ghahramani

Precision medicine leverages patient heterogeneity to estimate individualized treatment regimens, formalized, data-driven approaches designed to match patients with optimal treatments. In the presence of competing events, where multiple…

When attempting to recover functions from observational data, one naturally seeks to do so in an optimal manner with respect to some modeling assumption. With a focus put on the worst-case setting, this is the standard goal of Optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-02 Mahmood Ettehad , Simon Foucart

Functional data is a powerful tool for capturing and analyzing complex patterns and relationships in a variety of fields, allowing for more precise modeling, visualization, and decision-making. For example, in healthcare, functional data…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-26 Xiyuan Gao , Jiayi Wang , Guanyu Hu , Jianguo Sun

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating personalized treatment approaches to improve outcomes. Theranostics, combining molecular-level imaging with targeted therapy, offers potential for precision oncology but…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Binesh Sadanandan , Vahid Behzadan

Massive data collection holds the promise of a better understanding of complex phenomena and, ultimately, better decisions. Representation learning has become a key driver of deep learning applications, as it allows learning latent spaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Caroline Uhler , Jiaqi Zhang

Robust optimization (RO) provides a principled framework for decision-making under uncertainty, but its performance critically depends on the choice of the uncertainty set. While large sets ensure reliability, they often lead to overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Shuyi Chen , Wenbin Zhou , Shixiang Zhu

An optimal dynamic treatment regime (DTR) is a sequence of decision rules aimed at providing the best course of treatments individualized to patients. While conventional DTR estimation uses longitudinal data, such data can also be…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-06 Larry Dong , Eleanor Pullenayegum , Rodolphe Thiébaut , Olli Saarela

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are sequences of decision rules designed to tailor treatment based on patients' treatment history and evolving disease status. Ordinal outcomes frequently serve as primary endpoints in clinical trials and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-11 Xinru Wang , Tanujit Chakraborty , Bibhas Chakraborty

Temporal causal representation learning is a powerful tool for uncovering complex patterns in observational studies, which are often represented as low-dimensional time series. However, in many real-world applications, data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Jianhong Chen , Meng Zhao , Mostafa Reisi Gahrooei , Xubo Yue

Problems in causal inference can be fruitfully addressed using signal processing techniques. As an example, it is crucial to successfully quantify the causal effects of an intervention to determine whether the intervention achieved desired…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-21 Ibtihal Ferwana , Lav R. Varshney