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With the growing demand for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of text-to-image diffusion models, we propose PCDiff -- a proactive access control framework that redefines model authorization by regulating generation quality. At its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Keke Gai , Ziyue Shen , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate general intelligence across a variety of machine learning tasks, thereby enhancing the commercial value of their intellectual property (IP). To protect this IP, model owners typically allow user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Kaiyi Pang , Tao Qi , Chuhan Wu , Minhao Bai , Minghu Jiang , Yongfeng Huang

Modern machine learning (ML) ecosystems offer a surging number of ML frameworks and code repositories that can greatly facilitate the development of ML models. Today, even ordinary data holders who are not ML experts can apply off-the-shelf…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Zitao Chen , Karthik Pattabiraman

Ensuring the legal usage of deep models is crucial to promoting trustable, accountable, and responsible artificial intelligence innovation. Current passport-based methods that obfuscate model functionality for license-to-use and ownership…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Qi Cui , Ruohan Meng , Chaohui Xu , Chip-Hong Chang

Despite tremendous success in many application scenarios, deep learning faces serious intellectual property (IP) infringement threats. Considering the cost of designing and training a good model, infringements will significantly infringe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Weiming Zhang , Gang Hua , Nenghai Yu

Machine learning models deployed as a service (MLaaS) are susceptible to model stealing attacks, where an adversary attempts to steal the model within a restricted access framework. While existing attacks demonstrate near-perfect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Sunandini Sanyal , Sravanti Addepalli , R. Venkatesh Babu

Feature embedding has become a cornerstone technology for processing high-dimensional and complex data, which results in that Embedding as a Service (EaaS) models have been widely deployed in the cloud. To protect the intellectual property…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hongjie Zhang , Zhiqi Zhao , Hanzhou Wu , Zhihua Xia , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Deep neural networks are extensively applied to real-world tasks, such as face recognition and medical image classification, where privacy and data protection are critical. Image data, if not protected, can be exploited to infer personal or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Weiheng Chai , Brian Testa , Huantao Ren , Asif Salekin , Senem Velipasalar

Latent diffusion models have exhibited considerable potential in generative tasks. Watermarking is considered to be an alternative to safeguard the copyright of generative models and prevent their misuse. However, in the context of model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Liangqi Lei , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, their deployment introduces significant risks related to intellectual property. In this context, we focus on model stealing attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kieu Dang , Phung Lai , NhatHai Phan , Yelong Shen , Ruoming Jin , Abdallah Khreishah

The need for secure and private Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) on edge and mobile devices has increased the necessity of protecting the architecture of these systems from threats to both security and privacy. With an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zisis Tsiatsikas , Alexandros Fakis , Georgios Karopoulos , Vasileios Kouliaridis , Marios Anagnostopoulos

These days, deep learning models have achieved great success in multiple fields, from autonomous driving to medical diagnosis. These models have expanded the abilities of artificial intelligence by offering great solutions to complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Gopichandh Golla

As Artificial Intelligence as a Service gains popularity, protecting well-trained models as intellectual property is becoming increasingly important. There are two common types of protection methods: ownership verification and usage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Lixu Wang , Shichao Xu , Ruiqi Xu , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhu

Machine learning models have been shown to leak information violating the privacy of their training set. We focus on membership inference attacks on machine learning models which aim to determine whether a data point was used to train the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Shadi Rahimian , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Mario Fritz

Diffusion models build a new milestone for image generation yet raising public concerns, for they can be fine-tuned on unauthorized images for customization. Protection based on adversarial attacks rises to encounter this unauthorized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Boyang Zheng , Chumeng Liang , Xiaoyu Wu

As companies continue to invest heavily in larger, more accurate and more robust deep learning models, they are exploring approaches to monetize their models while protecting their intellectual property. Model licensing is promising, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Huiying Li , Emily Wenger , Shawn Shan , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng

Along with the rapid development in the field of artificial intelligence, especially deep learning, deep neural network applications are becoming more and more popular in reality. To be able to withstand the heavy load from mainstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Toan Pham Van , Ngoc N. Tran , Hoang Pham Minh , Tam Nguyen Minh , Thanh Ta Minh

Software vulnerabilities in access control models can represent a serious threat in a system. In fact, OWASP lists broken access control as number 5 in severity among the top 10 vulnerabilities. In this paper, we study the permission model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Atheer Abu Zaid , Manar H. Alalfi , Ali Miri

Deep Neural Network (DNN) workloads are quickly moving from datacenters onto edge devices, for latency, privacy, or energy reasons. While datacenter networks can be protected using conventional cybersecurity measures, edge neural networks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Mihailo Isakov , Vijay Gadepally , Karen M. Gettings , Michel A. Kinsy

The exceptional performance of diffusion models establishes them as high-value intellectual property but exposes them to unauthorized replication. Existing protection methods either modify the model to embed watermarks, which impairs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lingxiao Chen , Liqin Wang , Wei Lu , Xiangyang Luo