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Speculative decoding accelerates autoregressive speech generation by letting a fast draft model propose tokens that a larger target model verifies. However, for speech LLMs that generate acoustic tokens, exact token matching is overly…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Moran Yanuka , Paul Dixon , Eyal Finkelshtein , Daniel Rotman , Raja Giryes

Recent advances in inference-time compute have significantly improved performance on complex tasks by generating long chains of thought (CoTs) using Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). However, this improved accuracy comes at the cost of high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Rui Pan , Yinwei Dai , Zhihao Zhang , Gabriele Oliaro , Zhihao Jia , Ravi Netravali

Modern web applications--from real-time content recommendation and dynamic pricing to CDN optimization--increasingly rely on time-series forecasting to deliver personalized experiences to billions of users. Large-scale Transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pranav Subbaraman , Fang Sun , Yue Yao , Huacong Tang , Xiao Luo , Yizhou Sun

Speculative decoding accelerates memory-bound LLM inference without quality degradation by using a fast drafter to propose multiple candidate tokens and the target model to verify them in parallel. However, conventional sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yaojie Zhang , Jianuo Huang , Junlong Ke , Yuhang Han , Yongji Long , Tianchen Zhao , Biqing Qi , Linfeng Zhang

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a smaller model to draft future tokens, which are then verified by the target LLM. This preserves generation quality by accepting only aligned tokens.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Taehyeon Kim , Hojung Jung , Se-Young Yun

Autoregressive sequence models achieve state-of-the-art performance in domains like machine translation. However, due to the autoregressive factorization nature, these models suffer from heavy latency during inference. Recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Zhiqing Sun , Zhuohan Li , Haoqing Wang , Zi Lin , Di He , Zhi-Hong Deng

Speculative decoding is a promising approach for accelerating large language models. The primary idea is to use a lightweight draft model to speculate the output of the target model for multiple subsequent timesteps, and then verify them in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yepeng Weng , Qiao Hu , Xujie Chen , Li Liu , Dianwen Mei , Huishi Qiu , Jiang Tian , Zhongchao Shi

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by using a smaller draft model to speculate tokens that a larger target model verifies. Verification is often the bottleneck (e.g. verification is $4\times$ slower than token generation when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Avinash Kumar , Sujay Sanghavi , Poulami Das

Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by using a smaller draft model to propose multiple tokens that are verified by a larger target model in parallel. While prior work demonstrates substantial speedups…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Linghao Kong , Megan Flynn , Michael Peng , Nir Shavit , Mark Kurtz , Alexandre Marques

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Models (LLMs) inference by using a lightweight draft model to propose candidate tokens that are verified in parallel by the target model. However, existing draft model training objectives are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zihao An , Taichi Liu , Ziqiong Liu , Dong Li , Ruofeng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Existing techniques for accelerating language model inference, such as speculative decoding, require training auxiliary speculator models and building and deploying complex inference pipelines. We consider a new approach for converting a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 John Kirchenbauer , Abhimanyu Hans , Brian Bartoldson , Micah Goldblum , Ashwinee Panda , Tom Goldstein

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) offer fast, parallel token generation, but their standalone use is plagued by an inherent efficiency-quality tradeoff. We show that, if carefully applied, the attributes of dLLMs can actually be a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Rui Pan , Zhuofu Chen , Hongyi Liu , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Ravi Netravali

Speculative decoding is a powerful technique that attempts to circumvent the autoregressive constraint of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). The aim of speculative decoding techniques is to improve the average inference time of a large,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Sudhanshu Agrawal , Wonseok Jeon , Mingu Lee

Autoregressive (AR) modeling has recently emerged as a promising new paradigm in visual generation, but its practical adoption is severely constrained by the slow inference speed of per-token generation, which often requires thousands of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Junhyuk So , Hyunho Kook , Chaeyeon Jang , Eunhyeok Park

Speculative decoding (SD) has become a standard technique for accelerating LLM inference without sacrificing output quality. Recent advances in speculative decoding have shifted from sequential chain-based drafting to tree-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Tianyu Liu , Qitan Lv , Yuhao Shen , Xiao Sun , Xiaoyan Sun

Scaling test-time compute has driven the recent advances in the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), typically by allocating additional computation for more thorough exploration. However, increased compute often comes at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Mert Cemri , Nived Rajaraman , Rishabh Tiwari , Xiaoxuan Liu , Kurt Keutzer , Ion Stoica , Kannan Ramchandran , Ahmad Beirami , Ziteng Sun

Speculative decoding is a relatively new decoding framework that leverages small and efficient draft models to reduce the latency of LLMs. In this study, we introduce GliDe and CaPE, two low-hassle modifications to vanilla speculative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Cunxiao Du , Jing Jiang , Xu Yuanchen , Jiawei Wu , Sicheng Yu , Yongqi Li , Shenggui Li , Kai Xu , Liqiang Nie , Zhaopeng Tu , Yang You

Text generation with Large Language Models (LLMs) is known to be memory bound due to the combination of their auto-regressive nature, huge parameter counts, and limited memory bandwidths, often resulting in low token rates. Speculative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Raghavv Goel , Mukul Gagrani , Wonseok Jeon , Junyoung Park , Mingu Lee , Christopher Lott

Diffusion LLMs (dLLMs) have recently emerged as a powerful alternative to autoregressive LLMs (AR-LLMs) with the potential to operate at significantly higher token generation rates. However, currently available open-source dLLMs often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sudhanshu Agrawal , Risheek Garrepalli , Raghavv Goel , Mingu Lee , Christopher Lott , Fatih Porikli

Speculative decoding (SD), where a draft model provides multiple candidate tokens for the target model to verify in parallel, has demonstrated significant potential for accelerating LLM inference. Yet, existing SD approaches adhere to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Enyu Zhou , Kai Sheng , Hao Chen , Xin He
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