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Related papers: Complexity Theory for Quantum Promise Problems

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Sampling problems demonstrating beyond classical computing power with noisy intermediate scale quantum devices have been experimentally realized. In those realizations, however, our trust that the quantum devices faithfully solve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Michael J. Bremner , Bin Cheng , Zhengfeng Ji

Savitch's theorem states that NPSPACE computations can be simulated in PSPACE. We initiate the study of a quantum analogue of NPSPACE, denoted Streaming-QCMASPACE (SQCMASPACE), where an exponentially long classical proof is streamed to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-30 Sevag Gharibian , Dorian Rudolph

A quantum constraint problem is a frustration-free Hamiltonian problem: given a collection of local operators, is there a state that is in the ground state of each operator simultaneously? It has previously been shown that these problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-22 Alex Meiburg

In complexity theory, gap-preserving reductions play a crucial role in studying hardness of approximation and in analyzing the relative complexity of multiprover interactive proof systems. In the quantum setting, multiprover interactive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Laura Mančinska , Pieter Spaas , Taro Spirig , Matthijs Vernooij

Complexity class containments involving interactive proof classes are famously nonrelativizing: although $\mathsf{IP} = \mathsf{PSPACE}$, Fortnow and Sipser showed that that there exists an oracle relative to which $\mathsf{coNP}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Scott Aaronson , Anand Natarajan , Avishay Tal , Agi Villanyi

The round complexity of interactive proof systems is a key question of practical and theoretical relevance in complexity theory and cryptography. Moreover, results such as QIP = QIP(3) (STOC'00) show that quantum resources significantly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-29 Alex B. Grilo , Philippe Lamontagne

The classical PCP theorem is arguably the most important achievement of classical complexity theory in the past quarter century. In recent years, researchers in quantum computational complexity have tried to identify approaches and develop…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-01 Dorit Aharonov , Itai Arad , Thomas Vidick

As research on building scalable quantum computers advances, it is important to be able to certify their correctness. Due to the exponential hardness of classically simulating quantum computation, straight-forward verification through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-23 Iskren Vankov , Daniel Mills , Petros Wallden , Elham Kashefi

We prove that QIP(2), the class of problems having two-message quantum interactive proof systems, is a subset of PSPACE. This relationship is obtained by means of an efficient parallel algorithm, based on the multiplicative weights update…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-05-11 Rahul Jain , Sarvagya Upadhyay , John Watrous

A longstanding goal in quantum information science is to demonstrate quantum computations that cannot be feasibly reproduced on a classical computer. Such demonstrations mark major milestones: they showcase fine control over quantum systems…

Large-scale quantum computing is a significant threat to classical public-key cryptography. In strong "quantum access" security models, numerous symmetric-key cryptosystems are also vulnerable. We consider classical encryption in a model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-14 Gorjan Alagic , Stacey Jeffery , Maris Ozols , Alexander Poremba

We introduce Quantum Spectral Authentication (QSA), a primitive for verifying that a remote quantum endpoint still possesses a previously installed secret quantum resource, such as a hidden state or state-preparation capability, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 S. P. Kish , H. J. Vallury , J. Pieprzyk , C. Thapa , S. Camtepe

Multi-Party Quantum Computation (MPQC) has attracted a lot of attention as a potential killer-app for quantum networks through it's ability to preserve privacy and integrity of the highly valuable computations they would enable.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Elham Kashefi , Luka Music , Harold Ollivier

Relational problems (those with many possible valid outputs) are different from decision problems, but it is easy to forget just how different. This paper initiates the study of FBQP/qpoly, the class of relational problems solvable in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Scott Aaronson , Harry Buhrman , William Kretschmer

We show the following hold, unconditionally unless otherwise stated, relative to a random oracle: - There are NP search problems solvable by quantum polynomial-time machines but not classical probabilistic polynomial-time machines. - There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Takashi Yamakawa , Mark Zhandry

One of the key steps in quantum algorithms is to prepare an initial quantum superposition state with different kinds of features. These so-called state preparation algorithms are essential to the behavior of quantum algorithms, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Liyi Li , Anshu Sharma , Zoukarneini Difaizi Tagba , Sean Frett , Alex Potanin

Quantum cryptography uses techniques and ideas from physics and computer science. The combination of these ideas makes the security proofs of quantum cryptography a complicated task. To prove that a quantum-cryptography protocol is secure,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Normand J. Beaudry

The quest for quantum computers is motivated by their potential for solving problems that defy existing, classical, computers. The theory of computational complexity, one of the crown jewels of computer science, provides a rigorous…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-09-10 C. R. Laumann , R. Moessner , A. Scardicchio , S. L. Sondhi

We study parity features as representations that can be evaluated entirely classically once the binary or quantized input representation and parity words are fixed, particularly when labels depend on higher-order feature interactions or…

We call quantum security the area of IT security dealing with scenarios where one or more parties have access to quantum hardware. This encompasses both the fields of post-quantum cryptography (that is, traditional cryptography engineered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Tommaso Gagliardoni