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The threshold theorem is a fundamental result in the theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation stating that arbitrarily long quantum computations can be performed with a polylogarithmic overhead provided the noise level is below a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-15 Omar Fawzi , Alexander Müller-Hermes , Ala Shayeghi

Quantum error correction codes with non-local connections such as quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) incur lower overhead and outperform surface codes on large-scale devices. These codes are not applicable on current superconducting…

With fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) on the horizon, it is critical to understand sources of logical error in plausible hardware implementations of quantum error-correcting codes (QECC). In this work, we consider logical error rates…

Different quantum error correction schemes trade off overhead, error suppression, and hardware connectivity. Code concatenation can relax these tradeoffs by using an outer code whose non-local connectivity is supplied by logical operations…

In this paper, we propose an efficient method to reduce error floors in quantum error correction using non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. We identify and classify cycle structures in the parity-check matrix where estimated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Kenta Kasai

Quantum stabilizer codes (QSCs) suffer from a low quantum coding rate, since they have to recover the quantum bits (qubits) in the face of both bit-flip and phase-flip errors. In this treatise, we conceive a low-complexity concatenated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-20 Daryus Chandra , Zunaira Babar , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

Due to the high error rate of qubits, detecting and correcting errors is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are one of the most promising quantum error correction…

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Iterative decoders for finite length quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are attractive because their hardware complexity scales only linearly with the number of physical qubits. However, they are impacted by short cycles,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasić

We present the Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) forward error correction algorithm adapted for the Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol in a form readily applied by developers. A sparse parity check matrix is required for the LDPC…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-03 Alan Mink , Anastase Nakassis

The promise of quantum computing is closer to reality today than ever before, thanks to rapid progress in the development of quantum hardware. Even as qubit lifetimes and gate fidelities continue to improve, realizing robust, fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Vismay Joshi , Anubhab Rudra , Sourav Dutta , Siddharth Dhomkar , Prabha Mandayam

Constant-rate low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are promising candidates for constructing efficient fault-tolerant quantum memories. However, if physical gates are subject to geometric-locality constraints, it becomes challenging to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Christopher A. Pattison , Anirudh Krishna , John Preskill

It is widely recognized that quantum computing has profound impacts on multiple fields, including but not limited to cryptography, machine learning, materials science, etc. To run quantum algorithms, it is essential to develop scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Linghang Kong , Fang Zhang , Jianxin Chen

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising approach for realizing low-overhead logical quantum memories. Recent theoretical developments have established shift automorphisms as a fundamental building block…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Younghun Kim , Spiro Gicev , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

We construct and analyze a family of low-density parity check (LDPC) quantum codes with a linear encoding rate, polynomial scaling distance and efficient decoding schemes. The code family is based on tessellations of closed,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-06 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Vivien Londe

Fault-tolerant quantum computers rely on Quantum Error-Correcting Codes (QECCs) to protect information from noise. However, no single error-correcting code supports a fully transversal and therefore fault-tolerant implementation of all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Erik Weilandt , Tom Peham , Robert Wille

Semiconductor spin qubits are a promising platform for large-scale quantum computing, but have yet to take full advantage of the broad class of quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes, which promise high encoding rates and efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Jason D. Chadwick , Frederic T. Chong

Blind Quantum Computation (BQC) is a delegation computing protocol that allows a client to utilize a remote quantum server to implement desired quantum computations while keeping her inputs, outputs, and algorithms private. However, qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Qiang Zhao , John C. S. Lui

Quantum error correction is a fundamental primitive of fault-tolerant quantum computing. But in order for error correction to proceed, one must first prepare the codespace of the underlying error-correcting code. A popular method for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Yifan Hong

Quantum codes with low-weight stabilizers known as LDPC codes have been actively studied recently due to their simple syndrome readout circuits and potential applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, all families of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-20 Sergey Bravyi , Matthew B. Hastings
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