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Color codes are promising quantum error correction (QEC) codes because they have an advantage over surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversally. However, thresholds of color codes under circuit-level noise are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Yugo Takada , Keisuke Fujii

Fault tolerant quantum computers will require efficient co-processors for real-time decoding of their adopted quantum error correction protocols. In this work we examine the possibility of using specialised Ising model hardware to perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Joschka Roffe , Stefan Zohren , Dominic Horsman , Nicholas Chancellor

Designing efficient fault tolerance schemes is crucial for building useful quantum computers. Most standard schemes assume no knowledge of the underlying device noise and rely on general-purpose quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes capable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Long D. H. My , Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

Quantum low-density parity-check codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing with considerably reduced overhead compared to the surface code. However, the lack of a practical decoding algorithm remains a barrier to…

In adversarial settings, where attackers can deliberately and strategically corrupt quantum data, standard quantum error correction reaches its limits. It can only correct up to half the code distance and must output a unique answer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Rahul Arvind , Nikhil Bansal , Dax Enshan Koh , Tobias Haug , Kishor Bharti

We propose a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based decoder for quantum topological codes and apply it to enhance a quantum teleportation protocol under depolarizing noise. By constructing and training the GAN's generator and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Jiaxin Li , Zhimin Wang , Alberto Ferrara , Yongjian Gu , Rosario Lo Franco

Finding efficient decoders for quantum error correcting codes adapted to realistic experimental noise in fault-tolerant devices represents a significant challenge. In this paper we introduce several decoding algorithms complemented by deep…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Christopher Chamberland , Pooya Ronagh

We present and analyze protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing using color codes. We present circuit-level schemes for extracting the error syndrome of these codes fault-tolerantly. We further present an integer-program-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-31 Andrew J. Landahl , Jonas T. Anderson , Patrick R. Rice

Repetition code forms a fundamental basis for quantum error correction experiments. To date, it stands as the sole code that has achieved large distances and extremely low error rates. Its applications span the spectrum of evaluating…

Quantum error correction is a critical component for scaling up quantum computing. Given a quantum code, an optimal decoder maps the measured code violations to the most likely error that occurred, but its cost scales exponentially with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Evgenii Egorov , Roberto Bondesan , Max Welling

Non-binary low-density parity-check codes are robust to various channel impairments. However, based on the existing decoding algorithms, the decoder implementations are expensive because of their excessive computational complexity and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Chung-Li Wang , Xiaoheng Chen , Zongwang Li , Shaohua Yang

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires classical hardware to perform the decoding necessary for error correction. The Union-Find decoder is one of the best candidates for this. It has remarkably organic characteristics, involving the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 Tim Chan , Simon C. Benjamin

Quantum error correction is expected to be essential in large-scale quantum technologies. However, the substantial overhead of qubits it requires is thought to greatly limit its utility in smaller, near-term devices. Here we introduce a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-20 David Layden , Mo Chen , Paola Cappellaro

Large-scale quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but their viability hinges on fast and reliable quantum error correction (QEC). At the center of QEC are decoders-classical algorithms running on hardware such as FPGAs, GPUs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Satvik Maurya , Abtin Molavi , Aws Albarghouthi , Swamit Tannu

Information obtained from noise characterization of a quantum device can be used in classical decoding algorithms to improve the performance of quantum error-correcting codes. Focusing on the surface code under local (i.e. single-qubit)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Andrew S. Darmawan

Recent developments have shown the existence of quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes with constant rate and linear distance. A natural question concerns the efficient decodability of these codes. In this paper, we present a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Shouzhen Gu , Christopher A. Pattison , Eugene Tang

To unleash the potential of quantum computers, noise effects on qubits' performance must be carefully managed. The decoders responsible for diagnosing noise-induced computational errors must use resources efficiently to enable scaling to…

We show how entanglement shared between encoder and decoder can simplify the theory of quantum error correction. The entanglement-assisted quantum codes we describe do not require the dual-containing constraint necessary for standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Todd Brun , Igor Devetak , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

We consider spatially coupled low-density parity-check codes with finite smoothing parameters. A finite smoothing parameter is important for designing practical codes that are decoded using low-complexity windowed decoders. By optimizing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-27 Laurent Schmalen , Vahid Aref , Fanny Jardel

Quantum error correction is indispensable to achieving reliable quantum computation. When quantum information is encoded redundantly, a larger Hilbert space is constructed using multiple physical qubits, and the computation is performed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai