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Recent advances in AI reasoning models provide unprecedented transparency into their decision-making processes, transforming them from traditional black-box systems into models that articulate step-by-step chains of thought rather than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Christoph Treude , Raula Gaikovina Kula

With the turmoil in cybersecurity and the mind-blowing advances in AI, it is only natural that cybersecurity practitioners consider further employing learning techniques to help secure their organizations and improve the efficiency of their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Ricardo Morla

While much research in artificial intelligence (AI) has focused on scaling capabilities, the accelerating pace of development makes countervailing work on producing harmless, "aligned" systems increasingly urgent. Yet research on alignment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Dani Roytburg , Beck Miller

How to make artificial intelligence (AI) systems safe and aligned with human values is an open research question. Proposed solutions tend toward relying on human intervention in uncertain situations, learning human values and intentions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jeffrey W. Johnston

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers incredible possibilities for patient care, but raises significant ethical issues, such as the potential for bias. Powerful ethical frameworks exist to minimize these issues, but are often developed for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ion Nemteanu , Adir Mancebo , Leslie Joe , Ryan Lopez , Patricia Lopez , Warren Woodrich Pettine

The potential presented by Artificial Intelligence (AI) for healthcare has long been recognised by the technical community. More recently, this potential has been recognised by policymakers, resulting in considerable public and private…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Jessica Morley , Caroline Morton , Kassandra Karpathakis , Mariarosaria Taddeo , Luciano Floridi

The exposure of security vulnerabilities in safety-aligned language models, e.g., susceptibility to adversarial attacks, has shed light on the intricate interplay between AI safety and AI security. Although the two disciplines now come…

Recent works have recognized the need for human-centered perspectives when designing and evaluating human-AI interactions and explainable AI methods. Yet, current approaches fall short at intercepting and managing unexpected user behavior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Michaela Benk , Raphael Weibel , Andrea Ferrario

How can we ensure that AI systems are aligned with human values and remain safe? We can study this problem through the frameworks of the AI assistance and the AI shutdown games. The AI assistance problem concerns designing an AI agent that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Facchini , Marco Zaffalon

Threat modeling is a popular method to securely develop systems by achieving awareness of potential areas of future damage caused by adversaries. However, threat modeling for systems relying on Artificial Intelligence is still not well…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jan von der Assen , Jamo Sharif , Chao Feng , Christian Killer , Gérôme Bovet , Burkhard Stiller

Frontier AI models -- highly capable foundation models at the cutting edge of AI development -- may pose severe risks to public safety, human rights, economic stability, and societal value in the coming years. These risks could arise from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Deepika Raman , Nada Madkour , Evan R. Murphy , Krystal Jackson , Jessica Newman

We outline the principles of classical assurance for computer-based systems that pose significant risks. We then consider application of these principles to systems that employ Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML). A key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Robin Bloomfield , John Rushby

To understand and identify the unprecedented risks posed by rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) models, this report presents a comprehensive assessment of their frontier risks. Drawing on the E-T-C analysis (deployment…

Following the AI Seoul Summit in 2024, twelve AI companies published frontier AI safety frameworks (Frameworks) outlining their approaches to managing catastrophic risks from advanced AI systems. Emerging legislation increasingly treats…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Lily Stelling , Malcolm Murray , Bruno Galizzi , Max Schaffelder , Siméon Campos , Henry Papadatos

Explainability is one of the key ethical concepts in the design of AI systems. However, attempts to operationalize this concept thus far have tended to focus on approaches such as new software for model interpretability or guidelines with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ben Zevenbergen , Allison Woodruff , Patrick Gage Kelley

Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked growing concerns among experts, policymakers, and world leaders regarding the potential for increasingly advanced AI systems to pose catastrophic risks. Although numerous risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika , Thomas Woodside

The ability to create artificial intelligence (AI) capable of performing complex tasks is rapidly outpacing our ability to ensure the safe and assured operation of AI-enabled systems. Fortunately, a landscape of AI safety research is…

The discourse on risks from advanced AI systems ("AIs") typically focuses on misuse, accidents and loss of control, but the question of AIs' moral status could have negative impacts which are of comparable significance and could be realised…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ines Fernandez , Nicoleta Kyosovska , Jay Luong , Gabriel Mukobi

In many contexts, lying -- the use of verbal falsehoods to deceive -- is harmful. While lying has traditionally been a human affair, AI systems that make sophisticated verbal statements are becoming increasingly prevalent. This raises the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Owain Evans , Owen Cotton-Barratt , Lukas Finnveden , Adam Bales , Avital Balwit , Peter Wills , Luca Righetti , William Saunders

Frontier AI both amplifies existing risks and introduces qualitatively novel challenges. Not only is there a notable lack of stable scientific consensus resulting from the rapid pace of technological change, but emerging frontier AI safety…