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Deep Learning requires large amounts of data to train models that work well. In data-deficient settings, performance can be degraded. We investigate which Deep Learning methods benefit training models in a data-deficient setting, by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Robert-Jan Bruintjes , Attila Lengyel , Osman Semih Kayhan , Davide Zambrano , Nergis Tömen , Hadi Jamali-Rad , Jan van Gemert

Demonstration-guided reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for learning complex behaviors by leveraging both reward feedback and a set of target task demonstrations. Prior approaches for demonstration-guided RL treat every new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Karl Pertsch , Youngwoon Lee , Yue Wu , Joseph J. Lim

Cross-domain offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to train a well-performing agent in the target environment, leveraging both a limited target domain dataset and a source domain dataset with (possibly) sufficient data coverage. Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhongjian Qiao , Rui Yang , Jiafei Lyu , Chenjia Bai , Xiu Li , Siyang Gao , Shuang Qiu

Virtual character animation control is a problem for which Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a viable approach. While current work have applied RL effectively to portray physics-based skills, social behaviours are challenging to design reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Vihanga Gamage , Cathy Ennis , Robert Ross

Video-based dialog task is a challenging multimodal learning task that has received increasing attention over the past few years with state-of-the-art obtaining new performance records. This progress is largely powered by the adaptation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Huda Alamri , Anthony Bilic , Michael Hu , Apoorva Beedu , Irfan Essa

Humans can quickly learn new behaviors by leveraging background world knowledge. In contrast, agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) typically learn behaviors from scratch. We thus propose a novel approach that uses the vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 William Chen , Oier Mees , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

How should we learn visual representations for embodied agents that must see and move? The status quo is tabula rasa in vivo, i.e. learning visual representations from scratch while also learning to move, potentially augmented with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Karmesh Yadav , Ram Ramrakhya , Arjun Majumdar , Vincent-Pierre Berges , Sachit Kuhar , Dhruv Batra , Alexei Baevski , Oleksandr Maksymets

Vision Language Action models (VLAs) trained with policy-based reinforcement learning (RL) encode complex behaviors without explicitly modeling environmental dynamics. However, it remains unclear whether VLAs implicitly learn world models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Marco Molinari , Leonardo Nevali , Saharsha Navani , Omar G. Younis

Learning visuomotor control policies in robotic systems is a fundamental problem when aiming for long-term behavioral autonomy. Recent supervised-learning-based vision and motion perception systems, however, are often separately built with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Marvin Chancán , Michael Milford

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have advanced robot manipulation through large-scale pretraining, but real-world deployment remains challenging due to partial observability and delayed feedback. Reinforcement learning addresses this via…

In recent years, the successor representation (SR) has attracted increasing attention in reinforcement learning (RL), and it has been used to address some of its key challenges, such as exploration, credit assignment, and generalization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hon Tik Tse , Siddarth Chandrasekar , Marlos C. Machado

Reinforcement learning is considered as a promising direction for driving policy learning. However, training autonomous driving vehicle with reinforcement learning in real environment involves non-affordable trial-and-error. It is more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Xinlei Pan , Yurong You , Ziyan Wang , Cewu Lu

Image-based reinforcement learning (RL) faces significant challenges in generalization when the visual environment undergoes substantial changes between training and deployment. Under such circumstances, learned policies may not perform…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Weiyao Wang , Xinyuan Fang , Gregory D. Hager

Our research investigates the challenges Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) faces in complex, Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) such as autonomous driving (AD), and proposes a solution for vision-based navigation in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Shawan Mohammed , Alp Argun , Nicolas Bonnotte , Gerd Ascheid

Real-world reinforcement learning (RL) environments, whether in robotics or industrial settings, often involve non-visual observations and require not only efficient but also reliable and thus interpretable and flexible RL approaches. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Moritz Lange , Noah Krystiniak , Raphael C. Engelhardt , Wolfgang Konen , Laurenz Wiskott

Embodied AI agents require a fine-grained understanding of the physical world mediated through visual and language inputs. Such capabilities are difficult to learn solely from task-specific data. This has led to the emergence of pre-trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-12 Gunshi Gupta , Karmesh Yadav , Yarin Gal , Dhruv Batra , Zsolt Kira , Cong Lu , Tim G. J. Rudner

Learning good representations of historical contexts is one of the core challenges of reinforcement learning (RL) in partially observable environments. While self-predictive auxiliary tasks have been shown to improve performance in fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Jeongyeol Kwon , Liu Yang , Robert Nowak , Josiah Hanna

Prevailing Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) for robotic manipulation are built upon vision-language backbones pretrained on large-scale, but disconnected static web data. As a result, despite improved semantic generalization, the policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Jonas Pai , Liam Achenbach , Victoriano Montesinos , Benedek Forrai , Oier Mees , Elvis Nava

Most self-supervised video representation learning approaches focus on action recognition. In contrast, in this paper we focus on self-supervised video learning for movie understanding and propose a novel hierarchical self-supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Fanyi Xiao , Kaustav Kundu , Joseph Tighe , Davide Modolo

Standard reinforcement learning (RL) optimizes policies for reward but imposes few constraints on how decisions evolve over time. As a result, policies may achieve high performance while exhibiting temporally incoherent behavior such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Sukesh Subaharan