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The surge in intelligent applications driven by large language models (LLMs) has made it increasingly difficult for bandwidth-limited cloud servers to process extensive LLM workloads in real time without compromising user data privacy. To…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuze Liu , Yunhan Wang , Tiehua Zhang , Zhishu Shen , Cheng Peng , Libing Wu , Feng Xia , Jiong Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate substantial potential across a diverse array of domains via request serving. However, as trends continue to push for expanding context sizes, the autoregressive nature of LLMs results in highly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Bin Lin , Chen Zhang , Tao Peng , Hanyu Zhao , Wencong Xiao , Minmin Sun , Anmin Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Lanbo Li , Xiafei Qiu , Shen Li , Zhigang Ji , Tao Xie , Yong Li , Wei Lin

Traditional object detection methods face performance degradation challenges in complex scenarios such as low-light conditions and heavy occlusions due to a lack of high-level semantic understanding. To address this, this paper proposes an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yunqing Hu , Zheming Yang , Chang Zhao , Wen Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but incur high communication overhead and privacy risks in cloud deployments, while facing compute and memory constraints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junfei Zhan , Haoxun Shen , Zheng Lin , Tengjiao He

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a variety of tasks. However, their substantial scale leads to significant computational resource consumption during inference, resulting in high costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaode Wang , Jingbang Yang , Xinyu Qian , Shiwen Xing , Xiaotang Jiang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) has inspired many applications, which often necessitate edge-cloud collaboration due to connectivity, privacy, and cost considerations. Traditional methods primarily focus on…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Prasoon Patidar , Alex Crown , Kevin Hsieh , Yifei Xu , Tusher Chakraborty , Ranveer Chandra , Yuvraj Agarwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

With the rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their large-scale experimentation in cloud-computing spaces, the challenge of guaranteeing their security and efficiency in a failure scenario has become a main issue. To ensure…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yihong Jin , Ze Yang , Xinhe Xu , Yihan Zhang , Shuyang Ji

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly, emerging as versatile tools across fields thanks to their exceptional language understanding, generation, and reasoning capabilities. However, performing LLM inference at the network edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhixiong Chen , Bingjie Zhu , Jiangzhou Wang , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan , Dusit Niyato

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

Edge computing enables real-time data processing closer to its source, thus improving the latency and performance of edge-enabled AI applications. However, traditional AI models often fall short when dealing with complex, dynamic tasks that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoxiang Luo , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Zehui Xiong , Xianbin Wang , Xuemin Shen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal inference but impose significant computational and latency burdens, posing severe challenges for deployment in resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we propose…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zheming Yang , Qi Guo , Yunqing Hu , Chang Zhao , Chang Zhang , Jian Zhao , Wen Ji

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver powerful AI capabilities but face deployment challenges due to high resource costs and latency, whereas Small Language Models (SLMs) offer efficiency and deployability at the cost of reduced performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yi Chen , JiaHao Zhao , HaoHao Han

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

Edge-cloud synergies provide a promising paradigm for privacy-preserving deployment of foundation models, where lightweight on-device models adapt to domain-specific data and cloud-hosted models coordinate knowledge sharing. However, in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuze Liu , Shibo Chu , Tiehua Zhang , Hao Zhou , Zhishu Shen , Jinze Wang , Jianzhong Qi , Feng Xia

Large language models (LLMs) are known for their exceptional performance across a range of natural language processing tasks, but their deployment comes at a high computational and financial cost. On the other hand, smaller language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Adarsh MS , Jithin VG , Ditto PS

Recent advances in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have led to significant performance improvements across many tasks. These gains come with a drastic increase in the models' size, potentially leading to slow and costly use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Tal Schuster , Adam Fisch , Jai Gupta , Mostafa Dehghani , Dara Bahri , Vinh Q. Tran , Yi Tay , Donald Metzler

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

On-device large language models (LLMs), referring to running LLMs on edge devices, have raised considerable interest since they are more cost-effective, latency-efficient, and privacy-preserving compared with the cloud paradigm.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guanqiao Qu , Qiyuan Chen , Wei Wei , Zheng Lin , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang