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Quantum computing holds the promise of solving classically intractable problems. Enabling this requires scalable and hardware-efficient quantum processors with vanishing error rates. This perspective manuscript describes how bosonic codes,…

Errors occurring on noisy hardware pose a key challenge to reliable quantum computing. Existing techniques such as error correction, mitigation, or suppression typically separate the error handling from the algorithm analysis and design. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Julian Berberich , Tobias Fellner , Robert L. Kosut , Christian Holm

Along with the development of quantum technology, finding useful applications of quantum computers has been a central pursuit. Despite various quantum algorithms have been developed, many of them often require strong input assumptions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Nhat A. Nghiem

Quantum computation, a completely different paradigm of computing, benefits from theoretically proven speed-ups for certain problems and opens up the possibility of exactly studying the properties of quantum systems. Yet, because of the…

Exploring an efficient and scalable architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is vital for demonstrating useful quantum computing. Here, we propose and evaluate a scalable and practical architecture with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Rui Asaoka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga

We evaluate strategies for reducing the run time of fault-tolerant quantum computations, targeting practical utility in scientific or industrial workflows. Delivering a technology with broad impact requires scaling devices, while also…

The equivalence between the instructions used to define programs and the input data on which the instructions operate is a basic principle of classical computer architectures and programming. Replacing classical data with quantum states…

Over the past decade, research in quantum computing has tended to fall into one of two camps: near-term intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) and fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Yet, a growing body of work has been investigating how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Amara Katabarwa , Katerina Gratsea , Athena Caesura , Peter D. Johnson

In the quest for fault-tolerant quantum computation using superconducting processors, accurate performance assessment and continuous design optimization stands at the forefront. To facilitate both meticulous simulation and streamlined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Xiaotong Ni , Ziang Wang , Rui Chao , Jianxin Chen

This document describes a family of quantum circuits which load classical data into a quantum state. When loading $N$ classical bits, the result quantum state is of order $\log_2(N)$ qubits. Furthermore the gate depth of the data loading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-07 John A. Cortese , Timothy M. Braje

Quantum machine learning uses principles from quantum mechanics to process data, offering potential advances in speed and performance. However, previous work has shown that these models are susceptible to attacks that manipulate input data…

Demonstrating quantum advantage has been a pressing challenge in the field. Most claimed quantum speedups rely on a subroutine in which classical information can be accessed in a coherent quantum manner, which imposes a crucial constraint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Nhat A. Nghiem

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

Quantum Random Access Memory (QRAM) holds the promise of enabling several large scale applications of quantum computers. However, designing fault tolerant QRAMs for large scale applications is still an open problem due to the poor error and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Ansh Singal , Kaitlin N. Smith

Quantum bits have technological imperfections. Additionally, the capacity of a component that can be implemented feasibly is limited. Therefore, distributed quantum computation is required to scale up quantum computers. This dissertation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-11 Shota Nagayama

Quantum computers have the potential to efficiently simulate large-scale quantum systems for which classical approaches are bound to fail. Even though several existing quantum devices now feature total qubit numbers of more than one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Hongye Yu , Yusheng Zhao , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Quantum computing promises revolutionary advances in modeling materials and molecules. However, the up-to-date runtime estimates for utility-scale applications on certain quantum hardware systems are in the order of years rendering quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-21 Katerina Gratsea , Matthew Otten

We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic…

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the operational complexity of the…

With the steady progress in quantum computing over recent years, roadmaps for upscaling quantum processors have relied heavily on the targeted qubit architectures. So far, similarly to the early age of classical computing, these designs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Wan-Hsuan Lin , Bochen Tan , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Jason Kimko , Jason Cong