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Strain-mediated voltage control of magnetization in piezoelectric/ferromagnetic systems is a promising mechanism to implement energy-efficient spintronic memory devices. Here, we demonstrate giant voltage manipulation of MgO magnetic tunnel…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-02 Zhengyang Zhao , Mahdi Jamali , Noel D'Souza , Delin Zhang , Supriyo Bandyopadhyay , Jayasimha Atulasimha , Jian-Ping Wang

Spin-orbit torques (SOT) provide a versatile tool to manipulate the magnetization of diverse classes of materials and devices using electric currents, leading to novel spintronic memory and computing approaches. In parallel to spin transfer…

Applied Physics · Physics 2022-07-26 Viola Krizakova , Manu Perumkunnil , Sebastien Couet , Pietro Gambardella , Kevin Garello

The spatiotemporal nature of neuronal behavior in spiking neural networks (SNNs) make SNNs promising for edge applications that require high energy efficiency. To realize SNNs in hardware, spintronic neuron implementations can bring…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Thomas Leonard , Samuel Liu , Harrison Jin , Jean Anne C. Incorvia

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are key components of spintronic devices, such as magnetic random-access memories. Normally, MTJs consist of two ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes separated by an insulating barrier layer. Their key functional…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-06 Kartik Samanta , Yuan-Yuan Jiang , Tula R. Paudel , Ding-Fu Shao , Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

We review two magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) approaches for compact, low-power, CMOS-integrated true random number generation (TRNG). The first employs passive-read, easy-plane superparamagnetic MTJs (sMTJs) that generate…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Jonathan Z. Sun , Christopher Safranski , Siyuranga Koswata , Pouya Hashemi , Andrew D. Kent

Physical devices exhibiting stochastic functions with low energy consumption and high device density have the potential to enable complex probability-based computing algorithms, accelerate machine learning tasks, and enhance hardware…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-09-17 Dooyong Koh , Qiuyuan Wang , Brooke C. McGoldrick , Chung-Tao Chou , Luqiao Liu , Marc A. Baldo

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are elementary units of magnetic memory devices. For high-speed and low-power data storage and processing applications, fast reversal by an ultrashort laser pulse is extremely important. We demonstrate…

The role of universal memory can be successfully satisfied by magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) where the writing mechanism is based on spin-transfer torque (STT). An improvement in the switching properties (lower switching current density…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Riccardo Tomasello , Vito Puliafito , Bruno Azzerboni , Giovanni Finocchio

The discovery of spin torque transfer (STT) has lead to a significant advance in the development of spintronic devices. Novel structures and materials have been studied in order to improve the performance of the magnetic tunnel junctions…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-08-24 Xiaofeng Yao , Yisong Zhang , Andrew Lyle , Roger Malmhall , Rajiv Ranjan , Lei Lu , Mingzhong Wu , Hao Wang , Ying Jing , Jian-Ping Wang

The electrically readable complex dynamics of robust and scalable magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) offer promising opportunities for advancing neuromorphic computing. In this work, we present an MTJ design with a free layer and two…

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) interconnected via a continuous ferromagnetic free layer were fabricated for Spin Torque Majority Gate (STMG) logic. The MTJs are biased independently and show magnetoelectric response under spin transfer…

The switching speed and the write current required for spin-transfer-torque reversal of spintronic devices such as magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) currently hinder their wide implementation into memory and logic devices. This problem is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-27 Kerem Yunus Camsari , Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz , Rafatul Faria , Ernesto E. Marinero , Supriyo Datta

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are basic building blocks for devices such as magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). The relevance for modern computation of non-volatile high-frequency memories makes ac-transport measurements of MTJs…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Subir Parui , Mário Ribeiro , Ainhoa Atxabal , Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto , Xiangnan Sun , Roger Llopis , Fèlix Casanova , Luis E. Hueso

Flexible electronic devices require the integration of multiple crucial components on soft substrates to achieve their functions. In particular, memory devices are the fundamental component for data storage and processing in flexible…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-03-15 Li Ming Loong , Wonho Lee , Xuepeng Qiu , Ping Yang , Hiroyo Kawai , Mark Saeys , Jong-Hyun Ahn , Hyunsoo Yang

We demonstrate that thermally stable perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs), widely used in spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory, can be actuated with nanosecond pulses to exhibit tunable stochastic behavior. This…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Ahmed Sidi El Valli , Michael Tsao , Dairong Chen , Andrew D. Kent

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) spintronics has emerged as a subfield of spintronics, where an AFM N\'eel vector is used as a state variable. Efficient electric control and detection of the N\'eel vector are critical for spintronic applications.…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-06-07 Ding-Fu Shao , Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) is the key component to enable information access and increasing number of MTJs is integrated to develop high-density spintronic devices. However, continuous miniaturization of the conventional MTJs is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Yue Zhao , Bin Xiao , Jiawei Liu , Hui Zeng , Jun Zhao

Flexible electronics is an emerging field in many applications ranging from in vivo biomedical devices to wearable smart systems. The capability of conforming to curved surfaces opens the door to add electronic components to miniaturized…

Magnetic tunnel junctions are nanoscale devices which have recently attracted interested in the context of frequency multiplexed spintronic neural networks, due to their interesting dynamical properties, which are defined during the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-08-29 Maksim Stebliy , Alex S. Jenkins , Luana Benetti , Elvira Paz , Ricardo Ferreira

This paper introduces an analog-to-stochastic converter using a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device for vision chips based on stochastic computation. Stochastic computation has been recently exploited for area-efficient hardware…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Naoya Onizawa , Daisaku Katagiri , Warren J. Gross , Takahiro Hanyu