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Machine learning-based techniques open up many opportunities and improvements to derive deeper and more practical insights from data that can help businesses make informed decisions. However, the majority of these techniques focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Atefeh Mahdavi , Marco Carvalho

Traditional machine learning follows a close-set assumption that the training and test set share the same label space. While in many practical scenarios, it is inevitable that some test samples belong to unknown classes (open-set). To fix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Zitai Wang , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Yuan He , Xiaochun Cao , Qingming Huang

Open-set image recognition (OSR) aims to both classify known-class samples and identify unknown-class samples in the testing set, which supports robust classifiers in many realistic applications, such as autonomous driving, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiayin Sun , Qiulei Dong

In open set recognition (OSR), almost all existing methods are designed specially for recognizing individual instances, even these instances are collectively coming in batch. Recognizers in decision either reject or categorize them to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Chuanxing Geng , Songcan Chen

The ability to identify whether or not a test sample belongs to one of the semantic classes in a classifier's training set is critical to practical deployment of the model. This task is termed open-set recognition (OSR) and has received…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Sagar Vaze , Kai Han , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

Open set recognition (OSR) is a critical aspect of machine learning, addressing the challenge of detecting novel classes during inference. Within the realm of deep learning, neural classifiers trained on a closed set of data typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiawen Xu , Margret Keuper

Open-Set Object Detection (OSOD) has emerged as a contemporary research direction to address the detection of unknown objects. Recently, few works have achieved remarkable performance in the OSOD task by employing contrastive clustering to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hiran Sarkar , Vishal Chudasama , Naoyuki Onoe , Pankaj Wasnik , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Unknown examples that are unseen during training often appear in real-world machine learning tasks, and an intelligent self-learning system should be able to distinguish between known and unknown examples. Accordingly, open set recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Jaeyeon Jang , Chang Ouk Kim

In real-world recognition/classification tasks, limited by various objective factors, it is usually difficult to collect training samples to exhaust all classes when training a recognizer or classifier. A more realistic scenario is open set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Chuanxing Geng , Sheng-jun Huang , Songcan Chen

Open Set Recognition (OSR) extends image classification to an open-world setting, by simultaneously classifying known classes and identifying unknown ones. While conventional OSR approaches can detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Piyapat Saranrittichai , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Claudia Blaiotta , Mauricio Munoz , Volker Fischer

Open set recognition (OSR) is devised to address the problem of detecting novel classes during model inference. Even in recent vision models, this remains an open issue which is receiving increasing attention. Thereby, a crucial challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiawen Xu , Odej Kao , Margret Keuper

Open-set classification is a problem of handling `unknown' classes that are not contained in the training dataset, whereas traditional classifiers assume that only known classes appear in the test environment. Existing open-set classifiers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Ryota Yoshihashi , Wen Shao , Rei Kawakami , Shaodi You , Makoto Iida , Takeshi Naemura

We address the problem of scene classification from optical remote sensing (RS) images based on the paradigm of hierarchical metric learning. Ideally, supervised metric learning strategies learn a projection from a set of training data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Akashdeep Goel , Biplab Banerjee , Aleksandra Pizurica

Open set classification (OSC) tackles the problem of determining whether the data are in-class or out-of-class during inference, when only provided with a set of in-class examples at training time. Traditional OSC methods usually train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Yang Yang , Zhen-Qiang Sun , Hui Xiong , Jian Yang

Existing open-set recognition (OSR) studies typically assume that each image contains only one class label, with the unknown test set (negative) having a disjoint label space from the known test set (positive), a scenario referred to as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xu Yin , Fei Pan , Guoyuan An , Yuchi Huo , Zixuan Xie , Sung-Eui Yoon

Open Set Recognition (OSR) is about dealing with unknown situations that were not learned by the models during training. In this paper, we provide a survey of existing works about OSR and distinguish their respective advantages and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Atefeh Mahdavi , Marco Carvalho

Current state-of-the-art Wildlife classification models are trained under the closed world setting. When exposed to unknown classes, they remain overconfident in their predictions. Open-set Recognition (OSR) aims to classify known classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiahao Huo , Mufhumudzi Muthivhi , Terence L. van Zyl , Fredrik Gustafsson

A desirable open world recognition (OWR) system requires performing three tasks: (1) Open set recognition (OSR), i.e., classifying the known (classes seen during training) and rejecting the unknown (unseen$/$novel classes) online; (2)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Fulin Gao , Weimin Zhong , Zhixing Cao , Xin Peng , Zhi Li

Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, yet little information is known about most species and how their populations are changing. Indeed, some 90% of Earth's species are estimated to be completely unknown. Machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuyan Chen , Nico Lang , B. Christian Schmidt , Aditya Jain , Yves Basset , Sara Beery , Maxim Larrivée , David Rolnick

Fueled by deep learning, computer-aided diagnosis achieves huge advances. However, out of controlled lab environments, algorithms could face multiple challenges. Open set recognition (OSR), as an important one, states that categories unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Mingyuan Liu , Lu Xu , Jicong Zhang
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