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Unsupervised sentence representation learning aims to transform input sentences into fixed-length vectors enriched with intricate semantic information while obviating the reliance on labeled data. Recent strides within this domain have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Bowen Zhang , Kehua Chang , Chunping Li

Self-evolving reasoning frameworks let LLMs improve their reasoning capabilities by iteratively generating and solving problems without external supervision, using verifiable rewards. Ideally, such systems are expected to explore a diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Vaibhav Mishra

Recent advancements in deep learning have led to the development of powerful language models (LMs) that excel in various tasks. Despite these achievements, there is still room for improvement, particularly in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Abhinav Arun , Dipendra Singh Mal , Mehul Soni , Tomohiro Sawada

We present Transformation Invariance and Covariance Contrast (TiCo) for self-supervised visual representation learning. Similar to other recent self-supervised learning methods, our method is based on maximizing the agreement among…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Jiachen Zhu , Rafael M. Moraes , Serkan Karakulak , Vlad Sobol , Alfredo Canziani , Yann LeCun

Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) showed remarkable results in many vision tasks, they are still strained by simple yet challenging visual reasoning problems. Inspired by the recent success of the Transformer network in computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Nicola Messina , Giuseppe Amato , Fabio Carrara , Claudio Gennaro , Fabrizio Falchi

Intermediate features of a pre-trained model have been shown informative for making accurate predictions on downstream tasks, even if the model backbone is kept frozen. The key challenge is how to utilize these intermediate features given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Cheng-Hao Tu , Zheda Mai , Wei-Lun Chao

Robot chain-of-thought reasoning (CoT) -- wherein a model predicts helpful intermediate representations before choosing actions -- provides an effective method for improving the generalization and performance of robot policies, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 William Chen , Suneel Belkhale , Suvir Mirchandani , Oier Mees , Danny Driess , Karl Pertsch , Sergey Levine

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) often hallucinate objects that are not present in the input image. We identify a contributing cause of this behavior, which we term spatial credit collapse: in early transformer layers, hidden-state activation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Niamul Hassan Samin , Md Arifur Rahman , Abdullah Ibne Hanif Arean , Juena Ahmed Noshin , Md Ashikur Rahman

Hallucination, where large language models (LLMs) generate confident but incorrect or irrelevant information, remains a key limitation in their application to complex, open-ended tasks. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Adarsh Kumar , Hwiyoon Kim , Jawahar Sai Nathani , Neil Roy

Training stability is of great importance to Transformers. In this work, we investigate the training dynamics of Transformers by examining the evolution of the attention layers. In particular, we track the attention entropy for each…

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve superior performance through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but these token-level reasoning chains are computationally expensive and inefficient. In this paper, we introduce Compressed Latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Wenhui Tan , Jiaze Li , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Ruihua Song , Jian Luan

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) for image forgery detection and localization predominantly operate under a text-centric Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm. However, forcing these models to textually characterize imperceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Youqi Wang , Shen Chen , Haowei Wang , Rongxuan Peng , Taiping Yao , Shunquan Tan , Changsheng Chen , Bin Li , Shouhong Ding

While reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is effective to improve the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), its reliance on human-annotated labels leads to the scaling up dilemma, especially for complex tasks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zizhuo Zhang , Jianing Zhu , Xinmu Ge , Zihua Zhao , Zhanke Zhou , Xuan Li , Xiao Feng , Jiangchao Yao , Bo Han

Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting has been shown to significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly in arithmetic and reasoning tasks, by instructing the model to produce intermediate reasoning steps.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jianhao Huang , Zixuan Wang , Jason D. Lee

Test-time scaling has been shown to substantially improve large language models' (LLMs) mathematical reasoning. However, for a large portion of mathematical corpora, especially theorem proving, RLVR's scalability is limited: intermediate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhen Wang , Zhifeng Gao , Guolin Ke

Quantizing images into discrete representations has been a fundamental problem in unified generative modeling. Predominant approaches learn the discrete representation either in a deterministic manner by selecting the best-matching token or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jiahui Zhang , Fangneng Zhan , Christian Theobalt , Shijian Lu

While chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting improves reasoning in large language models, its effectiveness in vision-language models (VLMs) remains limited due to over-reliance on textual cues and memorized knowledge. To investigate the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Charles Corbière , Simon Roburin , Syrielle Montariol , Antoine Bosselut , Alexandre Alahi

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning improves large language models (LLMs) on difficult tasks, but it also makes inference expensive because every intermediate step must be generated as a discrete token. Latent reasoning reduces visible token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xuan Li , Yining Wang , Yuchen Liu , Guanjun Liu , Delai Qiu , Shengping Liu , Jiaen Liang , Wei Huang , Jun Yu , Junnan Zhu

Vision-Language Models often struggle with complex visual reasoning due to the visual information loss in textual CoT. Existing methods either add the cost of tool calls or rely on localized patch-based embeddings that are insufficient to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mengdan Zhu , Senhao Cheng , Liang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities when trained with chain-of-thought (CoT) supervision. However, the long and verbose CoT traces, especially those distilled from large reasoning models (LRMs) such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jinghan Jia , Hadi Reisizadeh , Chongyu Fan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Mingyi Hong , Sijia Liu