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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Recent studies have successfully integrated large vision-language models (VLMs) into low-level robotic control by supervised fine-tuning (SFT) with expert robotic datasets, resulting in what we term vision-language-action (VLA) models.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yanjiang Guo , Jianke Zhang , Xiaoyu Chen , Xiang Ji , Yen-Jen Wang , Yucheng Hu , Jianyu Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in language-centric tasks. However, in agentic settings, LLMs often struggle to anticipate action consequences and adapt to environment dynamics, highlighting the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Ruize Xu , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Suman Nath , Nikhil Singh , Jiangfeng Gao , Zhou Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) trains agents to accomplish complex tasks through environmental interaction data, but its capacity is also limited by the scope of the available data. To obtain a knowledgeable agent, a promising approach is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jing-Cheng Pang , Si-Hang Yang , Kaiyuan Li , Jiaji Zhang , Xiong-Hui Chen , Nan Tang , Yang Yu

Large language models (LLMs) can transform education, but their optimization for direct question-answering often undermines effective pedagogy which requires strategically withholding answers. To mitigate this, we propose an online…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 David Dinucu-Jianu , Jakub Macina , Nico Daheim , Ido Hakimi , Iryna Gurevych , Mrinmaya Sachan

With extensive pre-trained knowledge and high-level general capabilities, large language models (LLMs) emerge as a promising avenue to augment reinforcement learning (RL) in aspects such as multi-task learning, sample efficiency, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yuji Cao , Huan Zhao , Yuheng Cheng , Ting Shu , Yue Chen , Guolong Liu , Gaoqi Liang , Junhua Zhao , Jinyue Yan , Yun Li

A broad use case of large language models (LLMs) is in goal-directed decision-making tasks (or "agent" tasks), where an LLM needs to not just generate completions for a given prompt, but rather make intelligent decisions over a multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yifei Zhou , Andrea Zanette , Jiayi Pan , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for text generation. In particular, recent LLMs such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 can engage in fluent conversations with users after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jonathan D. Chang , Kiante Brantley , Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Dipendra Misra , Wen Sun

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has transformed the landscape of agentic information seeking capabilities through the integration of tools such as search engines and web browsers. However, current mainstream approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dingchu Zhang , Yida Zhao , Jialong Wu , Baixuan Li , Wenbiao Yin , Liwen Zhang , Yong Jiang , Yufeng Li , Kewei Tu , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrate the significant potential in autonomous driving. Despite this promise, challenges such as the manual design of reward functions and low sample efficiency in complex environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Zengqi Peng , Yubin Wang , Xu Han , Lei Zheng , Jun Ma

Autonomous web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in completing complex browser tasks, yet they still struggle with long-horizon workflows. A key bottleneck is the grounding gap in existing skill formulations:…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced in various fields and intelligent agent applications. However, current LLMs that learn from human or external model supervision are costly and may face performance ceilings as task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhengwei Tao , Ting-En Lin , Xiancai Chen , Hangyu Li , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li , Zhi Jin , Fei Huang , Dacheng Tao , Jingren Zhou

In recent years, training methods centered on Reinforcement Learning (RL) have markedly enhanced the reasoning and alignment performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in understanding human intents, following user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Keliang Liu , Dingkang Yang , Ziyun Qian , Weijie Yin , Yuchi Wang , Hongsheng Li , Jun Liu , Peng Zhai , Yang Liu , Lihua Zhang

Recently, the number of off-the-shelf Large Language Models (LLMs) has exploded with many open-source options. This creates a diverse landscape regarding both serving options (e.g., inference on local hardware vs remote LLM APIs) and model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Dimitrios Sikeridis , Dennis Ramdass , Pranay Pareek

Although Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Large Language Models (LLMs) each show promise in addressing decision-making challenges in autonomous driving, DRL often suffers from high sample complexity, while LLMs have difficulty ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chengkai Xu , Jiaqi Liu , Shiyu Fang , Yiming Cui , Dong Chen , Peng Hang , Jian Sun

We introduce ComputerRL, a framework for autonomous desktop intelligence that enables agents to operate complex digital workspaces skillfully. ComputerRL features the API-GUI paradigm, which unifies programmatic API calls and direct GUI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hanyu Lai , Xiao Liu , Yanxiao Zhao , Han Xu , Hanchen Zhang , Bohao Jing , Yanyu Ren , Shuntian Yao , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Developing autonomous LLM agents capable of making a series of intelligent decisions to solve complex, real-world tasks is a fast-evolving frontier. Like human cognitive development, agents are expected to acquire knowledge and skills…

Deep Research (DR) agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond parametric knowledge by autonomously retrieving and synthesizing evidence from large web corpora into long-form reports, enabling a long-horizon agentic paradigm. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haohao Luo , Zexi Li , Yuexiang Xie , Wenhao Zhang , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) remains an underexplored area, despite their remarkable advancements in other domains. In this paper, we present BlenderLLM, a novel framework for training LLMs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Yuhao Du , Shunian Chen , Wenbo Zan , Peizhao Li , Mingxuan Wang , Dingjie Song , Bo Li , Yan Hu , Benyou Wang

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…